DNA Flashcards
What does nucleotide contain?
Phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base
What order does the parts of nucleotide go in?
Phospate ^
Sugar connects
Nitrogen Base at >
Who was the scientist that first identified DNA?
Johannes Miescher.
When was DNA first identified?
1953.
Who identified the components of DNA and the arrangement of a nucleotide?
Phoebus Levene.
The amount of guanine + adenine = thymine + cytosine in DNA. Why?
Adenine = Thymine & Guanine = Cytosine because of chemical structure of each base.
The A - T bond = 2 Hydrogen Bonds.
G - C bond = 3 hydrogen bonds
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Double helix stranded molecule
Sugar phosphate backbone
Nitrogen based pairs (called nucleotides).
> 4 types: A - T, G - C
What do chromosomes carry?
Nucleic.
Biological codes for a characteristic.
___ are a constitute for DNA?
Chromosomes.
What does DNA polymerase do?
Copy entire strand of DNA > make 2 identical strands w/ 1 strand of parent/daughter DNA.
Adds own bases to DNA strand.
What’s DNA replication for?
Reproduction + Growth +
Repair damaged or dead cells
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a cell?
23 pairs.
What does DNA replication do?
Replicate an exact copy of DNA.
What does helicase do?
Unzips the 2x stranded DNA and exposes base pairs.
What is helicase?
An enzyme that speeds up reaction.
What does protein synthesis do?
Decode DNA to make protein for the cell to function.
What binds the gene during translation?
RNA Polymerase.
What does RNA Polymerase make?
mRNA.
What’s mRNA made out of?
RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
Uracil replaces thymine in?
RNA.
Does RNA polymerase leave the nucleotides exposed?
No, it zips it back up.
What does mRNA carry?
The code in the gene.
Where does the mRNA go when it leaves the nucleus?
To the cytoplasm, to a ribosome.
What happens in the ribosome?
3 of the bases will be available for the codon to come in and pair.
One codon at a time.
Each 3 have their turn and they made protein.
Where is the disorder carried if it’s sex linked?
On the X chromosome.
Which gender is less likely to express an X linked?
Females, possibility of link to be heterozygous.
Males cant be heterozygous. 50/50 chance.
