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Biology GR 11 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

Stores and transmits genetic information from parent to offspring

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2
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

What are the 3 things DNA contains?

A

1) Deoxyribose
2) A phosphate group
3) A nitrogen base

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4
Q

What are the 4 nitrogens bases

A

1) Adenine
2) Guanine
3) Thymine
4) Cytosine

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5
Q

What 2 bases make up the Purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

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6
Q

What 2 bases make up the Pyridines?

A

Thymine and Cytosine

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7
Q

What is Chargaffs Rule?

A

A always pairs with T

C always pairs with G

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8
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

The nucleus

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9
Q

Human Genome

A

The sequence of nitrogenous bases found on the 23 sets of chromosomes in humans

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10
Q

Non Coding DNA

A

A region of DNA that contains of sequence of nucleotides that will not be expressed

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11
Q

Coding DNA

A

A region of DNA that contains of sequence of nucleotides that will be expressed

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12
Q

Functional Genomes

A

The study of the relationship between genes and their function

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13
Q

What is a DNA Bank? What are it’s advantages and disadvantages?

A

A database of DNA sequences

Advantages: Can test for disorders and store DNA of extinct species

Disadvantages: Cannot bring back extinct species

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14
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

A molecule that has the ability to cut DNA at a specific site

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15
Q

Gene Therapy

A

A method of treating disease where genes are introduced into cells to replace, supplement, or repair a defective gene

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16
Q

Target Cells

A

One of the cells that contain the faulty gene that needs to be corrected

17
Q

Vector

A

Any agent capable of inserting a piece of foreign DNA into a cell

18
Q

What are the 3 major types of point mutations?

A

1) Base pair
2) Insertion
3) Deletion Point

19
Q

Base Pair Substitution

A

When one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide

20
Q

Insertion

A

When one nucleotide is added

21
Q

Deletion Point

A

When one nucleotide is eliminated

22
Q

Chromosome Mutation

A

An error occurring during meiosis that results in the production of gametes that have too much or too few chromosomes

Biology GR 11 (4 decks)

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