DNA Flashcards
What is the purpose of DNA?
Stores and transmits genetic information from parent to offspring
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the 3 things DNA contains?
1) Deoxyribose
2) A phosphate group
3) A nitrogen base
What are the 4 nitrogens bases
1) Adenine
2) Guanine
3) Thymine
4) Cytosine
What 2 bases make up the Purines?
Adenine and Guanine
What 2 bases make up the Pyridines?
Thymine and Cytosine
What is Chargaffs Rule?
A always pairs with T
C always pairs with G
Where is DNA found?
The nucleus
Human Genome
The sequence of nitrogenous bases found on the 23 sets of chromosomes in humans
Non Coding DNA
A region of DNA that contains of sequence of nucleotides that will not be expressed
Coding DNA
A region of DNA that contains of sequence of nucleotides that will be expressed
Functional Genomes
The study of the relationship between genes and their function
What is a DNA Bank? What are it’s advantages and disadvantages?
A database of DNA sequences
Advantages: Can test for disorders and store DNA of extinct species
Disadvantages: Cannot bring back extinct species
Restriction Enzyme
A molecule that has the ability to cut DNA at a specific site
Gene Therapy
A method of treating disease where genes are introduced into cells to replace, supplement, or repair a defective gene
Target Cells
One of the cells that contain the faulty gene that needs to be corrected
Vector
Any agent capable of inserting a piece of foreign DNA into a cell
What are the 3 major types of point mutations?
1) Base pair
2) Insertion
3) Deletion Point
Base Pair Substitution
When one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
Insertion
When one nucleotide is added
Deletion Point
When one nucleotide is eliminated
Chromosome Mutation
An error occurring during meiosis that results in the production of gametes that have too much or too few chromosomes
