DNA Flashcards
Griffith
Studying pneumonia
Transformed the dead cell transformed into the living ones
Watson and Crick
Famously linked to DNA
Double helix pattern of DNA
Avery
DNA name
Chargaff
Four molecules of DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Hershey and Chase
Came up with the code of life
DNA+protein
4 molecules+20 amino acids
Rosalind Franklin
Took x-ray pictures of DNA
Double Rings
Purine-adenine and guanine
Single Rings
Pyrimidine-thymine and cytosine
What joins adenonine and thymine together…cytosine and guanine?
Hydrogen Bonds
Steps of DNA replication
1-unwind and unzip through HELICASE enzyme
2-add letters through DNA POLYMERASE
Telomeres
Tips of the DNA
Keeps the chromosome from unwinding
Everytime it is copied it gets shorter
DNA Ligase
Acts as the DNA glue.
Holds the Okasoki fragments together
Transcription
DNA gets turned into RNA
mRNA
Messenger RNA
Happens in the nucleus
makes proteins
Translation
Changes mRNA into proteins
Happens in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Full of rRNA
anticodons join onto the codons of the mRNA in the ribosomes
Characteristics of DNA vs. RNA
Deoxyribose
Double helix
Stays in nucleus
A,C,T,G
Ribose
Single helix
Can leave nucleus, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
A,C,G,Uracil
The Triplet Code
Three letters and one amino acid
Three letters of mRNA
Codon
64 different codons
Every mRNA starts with AUG
Ricin
Poisonous gas
RNA polymerase
Unzips a section of the mRNA that codes the protein
Promoter
Tells the polymerase which strand to unzip and replicate
RNA splicing
Where the letters of the copied RNA fall off and the resulting strand leaves the nucleus
Exons
Get translated and leave the nucleus
Introns
Get cut out
