DNA Flashcards
M RNA
Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells.
R RNA
In molecular biology, Ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
TRNA
It helps transfers amino acids. It uses codons to know what amino acids to bring
Uracil
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine.
Ribose
a sugar of the pentose class that occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.
Replication
the action of copying or reproducing something.
Replication fork
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule.
Helicase
Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. They unzip the DNA and RNA
Polymerase
an enzyme that brings about the formation of a particular polymer, DNA or RNA.
Protein synthesis
Protein biosynthesis is the process by which biological cells generate new proteins.
Codon
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Termination signal
Tells when RNA needs to stop or when you need to stop reading.
Intron
The message from the messenger RNA that is entering
Pyrimidine
They are a 1 carbon ring.
Nucleotide
Made up of a phosphate and a sugar.
Semi-conservative
It is used in DNA replication you are taking half of an old DNA and and get half new DNA
Universal code
DNA found in every living thing.
Transcription
Taking a copy of DNA this is done by the mRNA
Lygase
That glue that holds the exons together
Peptide bonds
It hold the codons together
Polypeptide
It is many things but is know as proteins
Point mutation
A translating DNA that has one base it’s an error
Frameshift
Changes the amino acids sequence beyond it
Deletion
A base is lost
Insertion
An extra base is added
Substitution
One base is substituted for another
Operator
In genetics, an operator is a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein binds.
Mutation
A change in or the process of changing, e.g. nature, form or quality.
Mutagen
Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation.
Anticodon
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA.
Translation
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the ribosomes are located.
Adenine
a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.
Thymine
a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
Cytosine
a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.
Guanine
a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.
Exons
The protein-coding region in the DNA.
