Cellular Transport

Question 0

Plasmolysis

Answer 0

contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis.

Question 1

Cytolysis

Answer 1

the dissolution or degeneration of cells.

Question 2

Turgor

Answer 2

the normal distention or rigidity of plant cells, resulting from the pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell walls.

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

the diffusion of fluids through membranes or porous partitions. Compare endosmosis, exosmosis.

Question 4

Pinocytosis

Answer 4

the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle (distinguished from exocytosis).

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane (distinguished from endocytosis).

Question 7

Carrier protein

Answer 7

Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of large molecules in and out of a cell, down their concentration gradient

Question 8

Passive transport

Answer 8

transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

Also called migration. an intermingling of molecules, ions, etc., resulting from random thermal agitation, as in the dispersion of a vapor in air.

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport, with this passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins

Question 11

Ion channel

Answer 11

A single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient

Question 12

Concentration gradient

Answer 12

a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution

Question 13

Hypertonic

Answer 13

noting a solution of higher osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

noting a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

the condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at equal rates.

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

noting or pertaining to solutions characterized by equal osmotic pressure.

Question 17

Contractile vacuole

Answer 17

a membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium.

Question 18

Phagocyte

Answer 18

any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 20

Vesicles

Answer 20

a small bladderlike cavity, especially one filled with fluid.

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

The ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles

Question 22

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 22

is an antiporter enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.