DNA

Question 1

Approximately how many base pairs are in the human genome?

Answer 1

3,095,693,981

Question 2

How much of the human genome consists of coding regions?

Answer 2

less than 2%

Question 3

Where is DNA found in the cell?

Answer 3

-Nucleus
-Mitochondria

Question 4

What is genetic recombination?

Answer 4

-Occurs during meiosis
-Genetic material is exchanged between parental chromosomes

Question 5

What is random assortment of chromosomes?

Answer 5

-Occurs during meiosis I
-Homologous chromosomes can separate differently
-Results in 4 unique daughter gametes

Question 6

What is the random pairing of gametes?

Answer 6

-Through the physical act of fertilisation
-Act of mate choice

Question 7

How does genetic differentiation between populations include?

Answer 7

-Barriers to gene flow
-Genetic drift
-Natural selection

Question 8

How does mutation lead to genetic variation?

Answer 8

-Insertion or deletion or single base-pairs of DNA
-Result in frameshift of triplet code

Question 9

What can genetic variation explain?

Answer 9

-Why individuals share genetic sequences
-Why individuals show genetic uniquness
-Why populations share genetic similarities
-Why populations show unique features

Question 10

What are short tandem repeats?

Answer 10

-Genetic variation used to create a DNA profile
-2-6bp in length
-Repetitive
-Shows mendelian inheritance

Question 11

How do we calculate genotype frequency?

Answer 11

-Measuring multiple genotypes within populations

Question 12

How do you calculate allele frequency?

Answer 12

Measuring multiple genotypes within populations
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