DNA Flashcards
What is a Genome
The entire generic material of an organism
What are Chromosones
Genetic Structures occurring in functional pairs in the nucleus of cells, except gametes and bacteria
What are alleles
Different forms of the same gene
What are Genes?
Genes are sections of chromosomes made up of lengths of DNA that operate as functional units to control characteristics
Describe the Structure of DNA
a phosphate and sugar backbone with interlinking bases to form a double helix
There is a base attached to each sugar on both backbone
There are four different bases Adernine, Thymine,Cytosine, Guanine
A=T
c=g
This is called complementary base pairing
How many Bases are a Sequence for one amino acids
3
What are mutations
Changes which occur in DNA
Why does Cell Division Occur?
Grow
Replace Worn out cells
Repair Damaged tissue
Define Mitosis
Duplication of Chromosones producing daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
Where does mitosis occur
tissues in animal and plant cells
Where does Meosis occur
ONLY in ovaries and testes
Explain Meosis
produces four Gametes(sperm/eggs) , with 23 chromosones each one genetically different from the other
each gamete has half the number of chromoses of the parent cell
Define haploid cell
Each gamete has only half the genetic material of a normal cell
(then two gametes combine to form a normal cell/diploid cell aka a baby)
has only 23 chromosones
Number of cells produced in mitosis
2
Number of cells produced in meiosis
4(gametes)
Term used to describe the number of chromosomes in each cell produced in mitosis
diploid
Term used to describe the number of chromosomes in each cell produced in miosis
haploid
Are cells produced genetically different or genetically identical in mitosis
Genetically identical
Are cells produced genetically different or genetically identical in meiosis
Genetically Different
Number of cell divisions that occur in mitosis
one
number of cell divisions that occur in meosis
four
