DNA

Question 1

Nucleic acids

Answer 1

Long, slightly acidic molecules originally identified in the cell nuclei

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

Makes up Nucleic acids; linked together to form chains

Question 3

Purines

Answer 3

A and G

Question 4

Pyrimidines

Answer 4

T and C

Question 5

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 5

The amount of A equals T, and the amount of G equals C

Question 6

Franklin’s X-Rays

Answer 6

Part of Franklin’s rule; used to get info about the structure of the DNA molecules

Question 7

Double helix

Answer 7

The way DNA is shaped; looks like a twisty ladder, or a spiral staircase

Question 8

Watson and crick

Answer 8

Built 3 dimensional models of the molecule using Chargaff’s rule

Question 9

Hydrogen bond

Answer 9

A weak type of bonding that holds 2 DNA strands together

Question 10

Base pairing

Answer 10

The DNA strands that pair together; A=T, and G=C

Question 11

How DNA works

Answer 11

Based on the order of the nucleotides; stores messages

Question 12

DNA codes

Answer 12

A code; similar to Morse code

Question 13

Central Dogma of Biology

Answer 13

All of life is based on idea that all living things have genetic code called DNA, they make a copy of the DNA, called RNA, which goes out and builds protein

Question 14

Father of genetics

Answer 14

Gregor Mendel

Question 15

Genetics

Answer 15

The study of hereditary; the key to understanding what makes each organism unique

Question 16

Trait

Answer 16

A specific characteristic of an individual, such as seed color or plant height, and may vary from one individual to another

Question 17

True breeding

Answer 17

Variety of organisms self-pollinating; would produce offspring with identical traits to themselves

Question 18

Hybrids

Answer 18

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 19

P

Answer 19

Stands for parental generation

Question 20

F1

Answer 20

Offspring of P

Question 21

Gene

Answer 21

Factors that are passed from one parent to the next; parental genes determine the offspring genes; ex: flower color

Question 22

Allele

Answer 22

Different forms of genes; ex: purple or white color of flower

Question 23

Characteristics are…

Answer 23

Inherited in pairs, with one copy from each parent; traits can be either dominant or recessive

Question 24

Principle of dominance

Answer 24

Some alleles are dominant and other are recessive

Question 25

What happened when Mendel crossed his F1 (hybrids)

Answer 25

3 dominant offsprings and 1 recessive offspring

Question 26

Mendel's segregation

Answer 26

Two alleles separate, and each parent passed down one allele

Question 27

Homozygous

Answer 27

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene; ex: TT or tt

Question 28

Heterozygous

Answer 28

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene; ex: Tt; always dominant

Question 29

Probability

Answer 29

The likelihood that a particular event will occur; predict the average

Question 30

Phenotype

Answer 30

Physical traits (what you see); ex: eye color, hair color, skin color, etc.

Question 31

Genotype

Answer 31

Genetic makeup of an organism; ex: TT, Tt, or tt.

Question 32

Replication

Answer 32

When DNA is replicated; important because the cell needs to pass down an equal amount of DNA to each daughter cell to do life processes

Question 33

DNA helicase

Answer 33

First step of replication; unzips the DNA molecules; an enzyme

Question 34

DNA polymerase

Answer 34

Second step of replication; starts to build a new strand of DNA, and starts making nucleotides in the correct order

Question 35

DNA Telomerase

Answer 35

Hold the ends of the DNA strands; job is to protect DNA when loses little chunks during cell division