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BIOLOGY > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ROBERT HOOKE

A

DISCOVERED THE FIRST “CELL” IN A CORK

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2
Q

ANON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

A

SCIENTIST WHO DISCOVERED ORGANISMS FOUND INSIDE PEOPLE’S MOUTHS; HE LOOKED AT BACTERIA

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3
Q

CELL THEORY

A

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF BIOLOGY

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4
Q

STEPS TO THE CELL THEORY

A
  1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS
  2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS
  3. NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM PRE EXISTING CELLS; HAPPENS THROUGH MITOSIS, CELL DIVISION
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5
Q

LIGHT MICROSCOPE

A

A TYPE OF MICROSCOPE THAT USES LIGHT TO LOOK AT THINGS UP CLOSE; NEEDS CELL STAINS TO SEE THROUGH LIGHT MICROSCOPE

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6
Q

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

A

A TYPE OF MICROSCOPE THAT USES ELECTRONS TO SEE UP CLOSE; THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING

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7
Q

TRANSMISSION MICROSCOPE

A

A TYPE OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE THAT IS USED TO LOOK AT TINY PARTS; PRODUCES 2D IMAGE

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8
Q

SCANNING MICROSCOPE

A

A TYPE OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE THAT SCANS SURFACE OF PARTS; PROVIDES 3D IMAGE

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9
Q

EUKARYOTES

A

CELLS THAT ENCLOSE TEHIR DNA IN THE NUCLEI; HAS A NUCLEUS; IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS; IS COMPLEX

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10
Q

PROKARYOTES

A

CELLS THAT DO NOT ENCLOSE TEHRI DNA IN THE NUCLEI; DOES NOT HAVE NUCLEUS; IS SIMPLE; IS IN BACTERIA

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11
Q

COLONY

A

WHEN BACTERIA GROWS IN A GROUP

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12
Q

AUTOTROPHIC

A

ANY ORGANISM THAT MAKES ITS OWN FOOD; USES SUN TO OBTAIN ENERGY

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13
Q

CYANOBACTERIA

A

BLUE-GREEN ALGAE; USES SUN TO OBTAIN ENERGY

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14
Q

CHEMOTROPHIC

A

ORGANISM THAT USES CHEMICALS TO TO OBTAIN ENERGY

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15
Q

HETEROTROPH

A

AN ORGANISM THAT EATS ORGANIC MATTER TO OBTAIN ENERGY

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16
Q

EXTREMOPHILES

A

ORGANISMS THAT LIVE IN CRAZY ENVIRONMENTS, SUCH AS SALTY, ACIDIC, COLD, HOT, ETC.

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17
Q

VIRUSES

A

INFECTIONS THAT AREN’T MADE UP OF CELLS; SMALLER THAN BACTERIA

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18
Q

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

A

ANY TRANSPORT THAT DOES NOT USE ENERGY

19
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

ANY TRANSPORT THAT USES ENERGY

20
Q

DIFFUSION

A

A TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT WHERE PARTICLES MOVE FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION

21
Q

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

A

A TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT WHERE A MOLECULE CANNOT DIFFUSE ON ITS OWN; FACILITATED DIFFUSION HELPS MOLECULES

22
Q

OSMOSIS

A

A TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT THAT IS ALSO A TYPE OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION; ITS A DIFFUSION OF WATER

23
Q

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

A

THE WAY MOLECULES WANT TO FLOW; REQUIRES ENERGY, CANNOT MOVE ON ITS OWN

24
Q

PERMEABLE

A

SOMETHING THAT CAN GO THROUGH A CELL MEMBRANE

25
Q

ENDOCYTOSIS

A

A TYPE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT; WHEN A CELL FOLDS THE MEMBRANE TO FORM A VESICLE

26
Q

EXOCYTOSIS

A

ANOTHER TYPE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT; WHEN VESICLE MERGES WITH THE MEMBRANE AND RELEASES STUFF OUT

27
Q

PROTEIN PUMPS

A

LAST TYPE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT; TAKES ENERGY AND PUMPS WHAT IS BEING MOVED AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

28
Q

ISOTONIC

A

WHEN THE CONCENTRATION IS THE SAME ON BOTH SIDES OF THE MEMBRANE; SAME STRENGTH

29
Q

HYPERTONIC

A

A STATE OF ABNORMALLY HIGH TENSION; ABOVE STRENGTH

30
Q

HYPOTONIC

A

A STATE OF ABNORMALLY LOW TENSION; BELOW STRENGTH

31
Q

HYDROPHOBIC

A

SOMETHING THAT HATES WATER

32
Q

HYDROPHILIC

A

SOMETHING THAT LOVES WATER

33
Q

RECEPTORS

A

PARTS OF CELLS THAT RECEIVE CHEMICAL SIGNALS FROM ANOTHER CELL; CELLS SPEAK THROUGH RECEPTORS

34
Q

A AND a

A

TWO MATING TYPES OF YEAST

35
Q

QUORUM SENSING

A

A PROCESS THAT ALLOWS BACTERIA TO BETTER SENSE LOCAL POPULATION DENSITY

36
Q

CELL JUNCTIONS

A

ALLOWS MOLECULES TO PASS BETWEEN ADJACENT CELLS WITHOUT CROSSING THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

37
Q

CELL-CELL RECOGNITION

A

WHEN 2 CELLS IN AN ANIMAL MAY COMMUNICATE BY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES PROTRUDING FROM THEIR SURFACE

38
Q

GROWTH FACTOR

A

SOMETHING THAT STIMULATES NEARBY TARGET CELLS TO GROW AND DIVIDE

39
Q

SYNAPTIC SIGNALING

A

OCCURS IN THE ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM WHEN A NEUROTRANSMITTER IN RESPONSE TO AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL

40
Q

HORMONES

A

CHEMICALS THAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS USE DURING LONG DISTANCE SIGNALING

41
Q

RECEPTION

A

WHEN A CELL DETECTS A SIGNALING MOLECULE FROM THE OUTSIDE OF THE CELL

42
Q

TRANSDUCTION

A

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A VIRUS TRANSFERS GENETIC MATERIAL FROM ONE BACTERIUM TO ANOTHER.

43
Q

RESPONSE

A

THE RESPONSE OF A LIVING TISSUE OR ORGANISM TO A STIMULUS.

BIOLOGY (7 decks)

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