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Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of structure and function in every living thing

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2
Q

chromosome

A

a double rod of condensed chromatin: a coiled structure made of DNA and proteins

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3
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid: the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

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4
Q

Gene

A

a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

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5
Q

Erwin Cargaff

A

Did research and discovered DNA had equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts if C and G, in every living organism

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6
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

Took the first photo of DNA
This photo is called photo 51
Lead to the discovery of the shape of DNA

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7
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick

A

Watson and Francis Crick
Credited with discovering the shape of DNA
DNA is a double helix (twisted ladder)

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8
Q

Base Pair rules

A

A always pairs with T
C pairs with G

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9
Q

Bases

A

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine ( C)
Guanine (G)

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10
Q

Replication

A

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells

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11
Q

Enzymes

A

complete DNA replication

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12
Q

helicase

A

unzips DNA

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13
Q

primase

A

starts DNA building

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14
Q

DNA polymerase

A

builds new DNA

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15
Q

Ligase

A

glue okazaki fragments

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16
Q

process

A

the order of the enzymes

17
Q

leading

A

one side of the strand builds faster

18
Q

lagging

A

only build a portion of DNA at a time

19
Q

okazaki fragments

A

a portion of dna

20
Q

semiconservative

A

a double helix is composed with an old strand and a new strand

21
Q

protein synthesis

A

DNA become protein

22
Q

transcription

A

the process of making an mRNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence

23
Q

translation

A

the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

24
Q

mutations

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

25
Q

Deletion

A

type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.

26
Q

insertion

A

is a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

27
Q

substitution

A

A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another

28
Q

misense

A

occurs when there is a mistake in the DNA code and one of the DNA base pairs is changed

29
Q

nonsense

A

a change in DNA that causes a protein to stop early

30
Q

Silent

A

base substitutions that result in no change of the amino acid

31
Q

Frameshift

A

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Biology (7 decks)

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