DNA

Question 1

The ______ is the fundamental unit of heredity

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

A is

Answer 2

adenine

Question 3

T is

Answer 3

Thymine

Question 4

G is

Answer 4

guanine

Question 5

C is

Answer 5

cytosine

Question 6

Adenine pairs with…

Answer 6

thymine

Question 7

Guanine pairs with…

Answer 7

cytosine

Question 8

DNA replicates itself _____ ___ cell division

Answer 8

prior to

Question 9

DNA replication begins with the…

Answer 9

unwinding of the DNA strands of the double helix

Question 10

DNA Helicase is responsible for…

Answer 10

splitting the double helix in two

Question 11

_______ are credited with the discovery of DNA

Answer 11

Watson and Crick

Question 12

Rosalyn Franklin…

Answer 12

Discovered an aspect of DNA

Question 13

DNA is constructed as a very large molecule made by linking a series of repeating units called _________

Answer 13

nucleotide

Question 14

A nucleotide is composed of…

Answer 14

1) a sugar
2) a phosphorous-containing group
3) a nitrogen-containing molecule called a base.

Question 15

Recombinant DNA relies on…

Answer 15

the ability of certain chemicals to cut DNA into fragments that can later be incorporated into another DNA strand.

Question 16

Recombinant DNA relies on the ability of certain chemicals, known as _______ _______, to cut DNA into fragments that can later be incorporated into another DNA strand.

Answer 16

restriction enzymes

Question 17

_________ ________ can be thought of as highly specialized scissors that cut a DNA molecule when it recognizes a specific sequence of bases.

Answer 17

Restriction enzymes

Question 18

Portions of the DNA molecule contain sequences of bases that are repeated numerous times, known as _____ ______

Answer 18

tandem repeats

Question 19

all humans have the same ______ of repeats, but there is tremendous variation in the ______ of repeats each of us have.

Answer 19

type; number

Question 20

With electrophoresis, materials are…

Answer 20

forced to move across a gel-coated plate under the influence of an electrical potential

Question 21

Variations occur throughout the genome, and in particular,…

Answer 21

in regions of noncoding DNA

Question 22

noncoding DNA, is…

Answer 22

DNA that is not transcribed and translated into a protein

Question 23

DNA profiling uses a category of DNA variations called…

Answer 23

short tandem repeats

Question 24

Every STR has multiple alleles, or variants, each defined by…

Answer 24

the number of repeat units present or by the length of the sequence

Question 25

Polymerase chain reaction is...

Answer 25

the outgrowth of knowledge gained from an understanding of how DNA strands naturally replicate within a cell.

Question 26

What are the three steps of PCR testing?

Answer 26

1) The DNA is heated to separate it. 2) Primers (short strands of DNA used to target specific regions of DNA for replication) are added, which hybridize with the strands 3) DNA polymerase and free nucleotides are added to rebuild each of the separated strands.

Question 27

How many times is PCR testing repeated

Answer 27

25 to 30 times

Question 28

PCR technology cannot be applied to...

Answer 28

RFLP DNA typing.

Question 29

PCR is best used with DNA strands that are...

Answer 29

No longer than a couple of hundred bases.

Question 30

With STR, as little as _____ ________ of DNA is required for analysis

Answer 30

125 picograms

Question 31

RFLP analysis normally needs ____ _____ more DNA than STR analysis

Answer 31

100 times

Question 32

Mitochondria are structures found in all our cells used to provide ______ that our bodies needs to function.

Answer 32

energy/ATP

Question 33

Blood based evidence cannot be stored in...

Answer 33

Plastic or Air tight containers

Question 34

How do you collect dried blood

Answer 34

with a swab of distilled water, which is then placed in a swab box, Malila folder or envelope

Question 35

Standard/reference DNA specimens must also be collected with a...

Answer 35

buccal swab

Question 36

The type of DNA testing most commonly used in DNA fingerprinting is...

Answer 36

STR

Question 37

A human chromosome is made of ___________ strands of DNA

Answer 37

2

Question 38

After extracting DNA from a source, the next step is to ______ the sample using restriction enzymes.

Answer 38

Cut

Question 39

The analysis of chromosomes, which was originally developed by geneticists, is known as...

Answer 39

karyotyping

Question 40

Genetic information is stored in molecules of DNA making up structures called...

Answer 40

chromosomes

Question 41

In the nucleus of most human body cells, there are ____ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 41

23

Question 42

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene is:

Answer 42

An Allele

Question 43

DNA sequences which code for proteins that determine inherited characteristics or traits are:

Answer 43

genes

Question 44

Total amount of DNA in a cell, contained in chromosomes and mitochondria, is called the human:

Answer 44

genome

Question 45

The DNA in chromosomes contains approximately ____ base pairs

Answer 45

3 billion

Question 46

DNA sequences with a high degree of polymorphism are...

Answer 46

most useful for DNA analysis

Question 47

DNA stands for...

Answer 47

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 48

What is the complementary strand to the DNA sequence AATTGCG

Answer 48

TTAACGC

Question 49

The bonds that form between complementary bases are called...

Answer 49

hydrogen bonds

Question 50

The bonds that form between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another are called...

Answer 50

covalent bonds

Question 51

____ ___________ links individual nucleotides into DNA molecules

Answer 51

DNA polymerase

Question 52

Which of the following is not a role of DNA? Storing information Copying information Editing information Transmitting information

Answer 52

Editing information

Question 53

The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication is called...

Answer 53

Helicase

Question 54

If the percentage of A bases is 40 percent, what is the percentage of C bases?

Answer 54

10