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Forensics > Chapter 6: Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ can be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals.

A

Drug

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2
Q

________ ______ are analgesics, meaning they relieve pain by a depressing action on the central nervous system. This effects functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate.

A

Narcotic drugs

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3
Q

The most common source for these narcotic drugs is ______

A

Opium

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4
Q

Where is opium from

A

extracted from poppies.

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5
Q

The regular use of a narcotic drug will invariably lead to __________ ___________

A

physical dependence.

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6
Q

_________ is readily extracted from opium, and it is used to synthesize heroin.

A

Morphine

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7
Q

What effect does Heroin produce

A

“high” that is accompanied by drowsiness and a sense of well-being that generally last for three to four hours.

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8
Q

_________ is also present in opium, but it is usually prepared synthetically from morphine.

A

Codeine

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9
Q

________ is prescribed to a million patients for treatment of chronic pain.

A

OxyContin

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10
Q

What effects do Hallucinogens cause.

A

marked changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods.

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11
Q

Marijuana refers to a preparation derived from the plant ______

A

Cannabis

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12
Q

The chemical substance largely responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of marijuana is known as ______.

A

THC

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13
Q

Angel dust is the street name for what drug?

A

Phencyclidine

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14
Q

Depressants are substances used to depress the functions of the _______ _______ ______

A

central nervous system.

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15
Q

_________ are substances taken to increase alertness or activity, followed by a decrease in fatigue and a loss of appetite.

A

Stimulants

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16
Q

What are the effects of Cocaine

A

increased alertness and vigor, accompanied by the suppression of hunger, fatigue, and boredom.

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17
Q

How is crack made?

A

is cocaine mixed with baking soda and water and then heated, and let cool

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18
Q

What are the effects of Ecstasy

A

Enhances self-awareness and decreases inhibitions

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19
Q

_________ is primarily used as a veterinary animal anesthetic that in humans causes euphoria and hallucinations.

A

Ketamine

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20
Q

Steroids are synthetic compounds that are chemically related to the male sex hormone ____________

A

Testosterone

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21
Q

Side effects of anabolic steroids include…

A

Unpredictable effects on mood and personality, depression, diminished sex drive, halting bone growth, and liver cancer.

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22
Q

The U.S. federal law known as the _______ _________ _____ will serve to illustrate a legal drug-classification system created to prevent and control drug abuse.

A

Controlled Substances Act

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23
Q

Schedule I drugs have…

A

A high potential for abuse and have no currently accepted medical use.

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24
Q

Schedule II drugs have…

A

a high potential for abuse, but have medical uses within severe restrictions.

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25
Q

Schedule III drugs have…

A

less potential for abuse and have a currently-accepted medical

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26
Q

Schedule IV drugs have…

A

a low potential for abuse and have a current medical use.

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27
Q

Schedule V drugs have…

A

contain nonnarcotic medicinal ingredients must show low abuse potential and have medical use

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28
Q

________ are responsible for detecting and identifying the presence of drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs.

A

Toxicologists

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29
Q

Alcohol appears in the blood _____ _______ after it has been taken by mouth

A

within minutes

30
Q

What does alcohol do after it enters the body

A

goes from mouth, stomach and small intestine, (through the blood) lungs, then liver and brain

31
Q

What factors determine the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed

A

-time taken it consume drink
-alcohol content
-amount consumed
-food present in the stomach

32
Q

_______ takes place almost entirely in the liver

A

Oxidation

33
Q

alcohol is excreted unchanged in the ______ ______ and _______

A

Breath Urine Perspiration

34
Q

Humans have a _____ circulatory system

A

Closed

35
Q

Law enforcement officers typically use _____ ________ _____ to estimate a motorist’s degree of physical impairment

A

Field sobriety test

36
Q

horizontal gaze nystagmus test, walk and turn, and the one-leg stand are all…

A

Field sobriety test

37
Q

____ __________________ offers the toxicologist the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood.

A

Gas chromatography

38
Q

What two things must be considered when taking blood for drug testing

A
  • Sanitized with and alcohol free disinfectant
  • must be taken under medically accepted conditions by a qualified professional
39
Q

When drug testing, blood must be stored in a ______ container

A

airtight

40
Q

What two organizations helped set the legal alcohol standards

A

American Medical Association (AMA)
National Safety Council (NSC)

41
Q

In 2003 states adopted the ______ BAC legal limit for driving

A

0.08 percent

42
Q

Standard size beer

A

12 oz

43
Q

Standard size White claw

A

12 oz

44
Q

Standard size malt liquor

A

7 oz

45
Q

Standard size Glass of wine

A

5 oz

46
Q

Standard size shot

A

1.5 oz

47
Q

% alcohol of regular beer

A

4.5-6%

48
Q

% alcohol of White Claw

A

5%

49
Q

% alcohol of Malt Liquor

A

7%

50
Q

% alcohol of Glass of Wine

A

12%

51
Q

% alcohol of shot of hard liquor

A

40% (80 proof)

52
Q

A 120 proof is ____% alcohol

A

60

53
Q

How do you calculate BAC

A

(alcohol consumed in grams)/(body weight in grams x r) x100

54
Q

What does r represent in the BAC formula

A

males = .68
female = .55

55
Q

What formula is used to calculate BAC after a period of time

A

BAC - (time in hours* .015)

56
Q

The three most widely used screening tests are

A

thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassay.

57
Q

What 5 heavy metals posion you

A

arsenic, bismuth, antimony, mercury, and thallium

58
Q

How do you screen for heavy metal poisoning

A

the suspect body fluid is dissolved in a hydrochloric solution and a copper s strip is inserted into the solution

59
Q

________ _________ is one of the most common poisons encountered in a forensic laboratory.

A

Carbon Monoxide

60
Q

Although water-based, antifreeze also contains liquid alcohols like ethylene glycol,__________ ______, and methanol. (Delete)

A

Delete

61
Q

The approximate fatal dose of 95% ethylene glycol (Anti-freeze) is estimated to be ____ mL/kg.

A

1.5

62
Q

How much is a lethal acute dose of Arsenic

A

200 mg

63
Q

What is the taste/odor of arsenic

A

None

64
Q

What is the taste/flavor of Anti-freeze

A

sweet flavor, light blue/green color

65
Q

Cyanide is a ____ not a compound

A

Ion

66
Q

What types of cyanide are lethal

A

sodium cyanide (NaCN)
potassium cyanide (KCN)
hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
cyanogen chloride (CNCl)

67
Q

What is The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program

A

a national program to train police as drug recognition experts.

68
Q

How long does The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program last

A

3-5 months

69
Q

What is the correct collection and storage of wet plant matter

A

Air dry and place in a paper bag

70
Q

BAC of ______ is a DUI in most states

A

0.08

71
Q

______ is a substance to counteract the effects of heroin or morphine overdoses

A

Narcan

72
Q

1 pound = ______ grams

A

454

Forensics (5 decks)

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