Chapter 6: Drugs Flashcards by Powell Brenters

A _____ can be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals.

Drug

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________ ______ are analgesics, meaning they relieve pain by a depressing action on the central nervous system. This effects functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate.

Narcotic drugs

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The most common source for these narcotic drugs is ______

Opium

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Where is opium from

extracted from poppies.

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The regular use of a narcotic drug will invariably lead to __________ ___________

physical dependence.

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_________ is readily extracted from opium, and it is used to synthesize heroin.

Morphine

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What effect does Heroin produce

“high” that is accompanied by drowsiness and a sense of well-being that generally last for three to four hours.

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_________ is also present in opium, but it is usually prepared synthetically from morphine.

Codeine

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________ is prescribed to a million patients for treatment of chronic pain.

OxyContin

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What effects do Hallucinogens cause.

marked changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods.

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Marijuana refers to a preparation derived from the plant ______

Cannabis

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The chemical substance largely responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of marijuana is known as ______.

THC

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Angel dust is the street name for what drug?

Phencyclidine

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Depressants are substances used to depress the functions of the _______ _______ ______

central nervous system.

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_________ are substances taken to increase alertness or activity, followed by a decrease in fatigue and a loss of appetite.

Stimulants

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What are the effects of Cocaine

increased alertness and vigor, accompanied by the suppression of hunger, fatigue, and boredom.

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How is crack made?

is cocaine mixed with baking soda and water and then heated, and let cool

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What are the effects of Ecstasy

Enhances self-awareness and decreases inhibitions

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_________ is primarily used as a veterinary animal anesthetic that in humans causes euphoria and hallucinations.

Ketamine

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Steroids are synthetic compounds that are chemically related to the male sex hormone ____________

Testosterone

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Side effects of anabolic steroids include…

Unpredictable effects on mood and personality, depression, diminished sex drive, halting bone growth, and liver cancer.

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The U.S. federal law known as the _______ _________ _____ will serve to illustrate a legal drug-classification system created to prevent and control drug abuse.

Controlled Substances Act

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Schedule I drugs have…

A high potential for abuse and have no currently accepted medical use.

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Schedule II drugs have…

a high potential for abuse, but have medical uses within severe restrictions.

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Schedule III drugs have...

less potential for abuse and have a currently-accepted medical

Schedule IV drugs have...

a low potential for abuse and have a current medical use.

Schedule V drugs have...

contain nonnarcotic medicinal ingredients must show low abuse potential and have medical use

________ are responsible for detecting and identifying the presence of drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs.

Toxicologists

Alcohol appears in the blood _____ _______ after it has been taken by mouth

within minutes

What does alcohol do after it enters the body

goes from mouth, stomach and small intestine, (through the blood) lungs, then liver and brain

What factors determine the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed

-time taken it consume drink -alcohol content -amount consumed -food present in the stomach

_______ takes place almost entirely in the liver

Oxidation

alcohol is excreted unchanged in the ______ ______ and _______

Breath Urine Perspiration

Humans have a _____ circulatory system

Closed

Law enforcement officers typically use _____ ________ _____ to estimate a motorist’s degree of physical impairment

Field sobriety test

horizontal gaze nystagmus test, walk and turn, and the one-leg stand are all...

Field sobriety test

____ __________________ offers the toxicologist the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood.

Gas chromatography

What two things must be considered when taking blood for drug testing

- Sanitized with and alcohol free disinfectant - must be taken under medically accepted conditions by a qualified professional

When drug testing, blood must be stored in a ______ container

airtight

What two organizations helped set the legal alcohol standards

American Medical Association (AMA) National Safety Council (NSC)

In 2003 states adopted the ______ BAC legal limit for driving

0.08 percent

Standard size beer

12 oz

Standard size White claw

12 oz

Standard size malt liquor

7 oz

Standard size Glass of wine

5 oz

Standard size shot

1.5 oz

% alcohol of regular beer

4.5-6%

% alcohol of White Claw

% alcohol of Malt Liquor

% alcohol of Glass of Wine

12%

% alcohol of shot of hard liquor

40% (80 proof)

A 120 proof is ____% alcohol

How do you calculate BAC

(alcohol consumed in grams)/(body weight in grams x r) x100

What does r represent in the BAC formula

males = .68 female = .55

What formula is used to calculate BAC after a period of time

BAC - (time in hours* .015)

The three most widely used screening tests are

thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassay.

What 5 heavy metals posion you

arsenic, bismuth, antimony, mercury, and thallium

How do you screen for heavy metal poisoning

the suspect body fluid is dissolved in a hydrochloric solution and a copper s strip is inserted into the solution

________ _________ is one of the most common poisons encountered in a forensic laboratory.

Carbon Monoxide

Although water-based, antifreeze also contains liquid alcohols like ethylene glycol, __________ ______, and methanol. (Delete)

Delete

The approximate fatal dose of 95% ethylene glycol (Anti-freeze) is estimated to be ____ mL/kg.

1.5

How much is a lethal acute dose of Arsenic

200 mg

What is the taste/odor of arsenic

None

What is the taste/flavor of Anti-freeze

sweet flavor, light blue/green color

Cyanide is a ____ not a compound

Ion

What types of cyanide are lethal

sodium cyanide (NaCN) potassium cyanide (KCN) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) cyanogen chloride (CNCl)

What is The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program

a national program to train police as drug recognition experts.

How long does The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program last

3-5 months

What is the correct collection and storage of wet plant matter

Air dry and place in a paper bag

BAC of ______ is a DUI in most states

0.08

______ is a substance to counteract the effects of heroin or morphine overdoses

Narcan

1 pound = ______ grams

454