Chapter 6: Drugs Flashcards
A _____ can be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals.
Drug
________ ______ are analgesics, meaning they relieve pain by a depressing action on the central nervous system. This effects functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate.
Narcotic drugs
The most common source for these narcotic drugs is ______
Opium
Where is opium from
extracted from poppies.
The regular use of a narcotic drug will invariably lead to __________ ___________
physical dependence.
_________ is readily extracted from opium, and it is used to synthesize heroin.
Morphine
What effect does Heroin produce
“high” that is accompanied by drowsiness and a sense of well-being that generally last for three to four hours.
_________ is also present in opium, but it is usually prepared synthetically from morphine.
Codeine
________ is prescribed to a million patients for treatment of chronic pain.
OxyContin
What effects do Hallucinogens cause.
marked changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods.
Marijuana refers to a preparation derived from the plant ______
Cannabis
The chemical substance largely responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of marijuana is known as ______.
THC
Angel dust is the street name for what drug?
Phencyclidine
Depressants are substances used to depress the functions of the _______ _______ ______
central nervous system.
_________ are substances taken to increase alertness or activity, followed by a decrease in fatigue and a loss of appetite.
Stimulants
What are the effects of Cocaine
increased alertness and vigor, accompanied by the suppression of hunger, fatigue, and boredom.
How is crack made?
is cocaine mixed with baking soda and water and then heated, and let cool
What are the effects of Ecstasy
Enhances self-awareness and decreases inhibitions
_________ is primarily used as a veterinary animal anesthetic that in humans causes euphoria and hallucinations.
Ketamine
Steroids are synthetic compounds that are chemically related to the male sex hormone ____________
Testosterone
Side effects of anabolic steroids include…
Unpredictable effects on mood and personality, depression, diminished sex drive, halting bone growth, and liver cancer.
The U.S. federal law known as the _______ _________ _____ will serve to illustrate a legal drug-classification system created to prevent and control drug abuse.
Controlled Substances Act
Schedule I drugs have…
A high potential for abuse and have no currently accepted medical use.
Schedule II drugs have…
a high potential for abuse, but have medical uses within severe restrictions.
Schedule III drugs have…
less potential for abuse and have a currently-accepted medical
Schedule IV drugs have…
a low potential for abuse and have a current medical use.
Schedule V drugs have…
contain nonnarcotic medicinal ingredients must show low abuse potential and have medical use
________ are responsible for detecting and identifying the presence of drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs.
Toxicologists
Alcohol appears in the blood _____ _______ after it has been taken by mouth
within minutes
What does alcohol do after it enters the body
goes from mouth, stomach and small intestine, (through the blood) lungs, then liver and brain
What factors determine the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed
-time taken it consume drink
-alcohol content
-amount consumed
-food present in the stomach
_______ takes place almost entirely in the liver
Oxidation
alcohol is excreted unchanged in the ______ ______ and _______
Breath Urine Perspiration
Humans have a _____ circulatory system
Closed
Law enforcement officers typically use _____ ________ _____ to estimate a motorist’s degree of physical impairment
Field sobriety test
horizontal gaze nystagmus test, walk and turn, and the one-leg stand are all…
Field sobriety test
____ __________________ offers the toxicologist the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood.
Gas chromatography
What two things must be considered when taking blood for drug testing
- Sanitized with and alcohol free disinfectant
- must be taken under medically accepted conditions by a qualified professional
When drug testing, blood must be stored in a ______ container
airtight
What two organizations helped set the legal alcohol standards
American Medical Association (AMA)
National Safety Council (NSC)
In 2003 states adopted the ______ BAC legal limit for driving
0.08 percent
Standard size beer
12 oz
Standard size White claw
12 oz
Standard size malt liquor
7 oz
Standard size Glass of wine
5 oz
Standard size shot
1.5 oz
% alcohol of regular beer
4.5-6%
% alcohol of White Claw
5%
% alcohol of Malt Liquor
7%
% alcohol of Glass of Wine
12%
% alcohol of shot of hard liquor
40% (80 proof)
A 120 proof is ____% alcohol
60
How do you calculate BAC
(alcohol consumed in grams)/(body weight in grams x r) x100
What does r represent in the BAC formula
males = .68
female = .55
What formula is used to calculate BAC after a period of time
BAC - (time in hours* .015)
The three most widely used screening tests are
thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassay.
What 5 heavy metals posion you
arsenic, bismuth, antimony, mercury, and thallium
How do you screen for heavy metal poisoning
the suspect body fluid is dissolved in a hydrochloric solution and a copper s strip is inserted into the solution
________ _________ is one of the most common poisons encountered in a forensic laboratory.
Carbon Monoxide
Although water-based, antifreeze also contains liquid alcohols like ethylene glycol,__________ ______, and methanol. (Delete)
Delete
The approximate fatal dose of 95% ethylene glycol (Anti-freeze) is estimated to be ____ mL/kg.
1.5
How much is a lethal acute dose of Arsenic
200 mg
What is the taste/odor of arsenic
None
What is the taste/flavor of Anti-freeze
sweet flavor, light blue/green color
Cyanide is a ____ not a compound
Ion
What types of cyanide are lethal
sodium cyanide (NaCN)
potassium cyanide (KCN)
hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
cyanogen chloride (CNCl)
What is The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program
a national program to train police as drug recognition experts.
How long does The Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Program last
3-5 months
What is the correct collection and storage of wet plant matter
Air dry and place in a paper bag
BAC of ______ is a DUI in most states
0.08
______ is a substance to counteract the effects of heroin or morphine overdoses
Narcan
1 pound = ______ grams
454
