DNA Flashcards
double helix
2 coiled DNA strands
what is in a nucleotides unit
sugar molecule(deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base
what are the four bases and how do they pair
Adenine-Thymine
Cystosine- guanine
most body cells contain ____ and what is its function
nucleus– controls what goes on in the cell
what is inside the nucleus and how many pairs
chromosomes and 23 pairs
gene
a piece of a chromosome that dictates a particular trait
DNA
genetic instruction
A set of human chromosomes contains ____ copy of each of the _____ genes in the human ____
1; 30,000; genome
What can be found in all body cells
WBC, saliva, hair
WHat is our most abundant cell
buccal/ cheek cell
RED blood cells have NO so what does it give
nucleus, blood type
WHat type of blood is DNA from
WBC
Who does our 23 pairs of chromosomes come from
23 from mom
23 from dad`
What are the first 22 called
autosomes
what is the last pair
gender
XX mean
girl
XY means
boy
if extra on chromosome 23 means and who normally gives it
down syndrome; mom
Locus
a location on the DNA
alleles
variations of the same trait
give an example of alleles
AA, Aa, aa
dna typing
DNA converted to bands of patterns to look at closer
uses of dna profiling
identify suspects, exonerate individuals, establish paternity
Nuclear DNA
-fast , cost less, found in nucleus, constitutes 23 pairs from both parents , each cell contains one nuclei
Mito DNA
found in cytoplasm, inherited only from mom’s side, each cell containes hundreds to thousands mito, can be found in skeletal remains –cost more takes longer
codis
system that is US wide that has dna of criminals
PCR
makes more copies of DNA samples
STR
short tandem repeats of base pairs
electrophoris is used
to find dad
heavy strands __ but short strands __
stay on top; fall to the bottom
AMEL codes
gender
3 outcomes using STR
match: all look the same/match
exclusion: don’t have 13 loci match so eliminate
inconclusive: data doesn’t support if it is a match
