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honors bio > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

virulent

A

strain of bacterium that causes disease

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2
Q

transformation

A

transfer of genetic material from one cell/organism to another

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3
Q

bacteriophage

A

virus that infect bacteria

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4
Q

virulent strain of bacterium S. pneumoniae causes disease because

A

it has a capsule

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5
Q

Hershey and Chase used what organism in their experiments

A

E. coli

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6
Q

Hershey & Chase’s experiment lead to the conclusion that

A

DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria

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7
Q

purine

A

nitrogenous base with 2 rings

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8
Q

A

A

Adenine

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9
Q

G

A

Guanine

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10
Q

Pyrimidine

A

nitrogenous base with 1 ring

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11
Q

T

A

Thymine

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12
Q

C

A

Cytosine

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13
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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14
Q

complementary base pair

A

A + T, G+ C, connected by hydrogen bond

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15
Q

nitrogenous base

A

base containing nitrogen and oxygen

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16
Q

replication fork

A

y-shaped region that result when 2 parental strands separate

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17
Q

helicase

A

enzyme that separates parent strands

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18
Q

replication of a DNA strand happens in

A

two different directions

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19
Q

a mutation is a

A

change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

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20
Q

which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds (separates parent strands)

A

helicase

21
Q

initiation

A

helicase separates DNA strands

22
Q

elongation

A

DNA polymerase makes complementary nucleotides

23
Q

termination

A

polymerases released, 2 identical copies of parent strands

24
Q

A and B form of DNA

A

A is dryer (produces detailed images)
B is wetter (produces simpler images)

25
Q

x pattern means

A

helix shape

26
Q

how many base pairs (units) are there in each full turn of the helix

A

10

27
Q

how many hydrogen bonds do A and C have

A

2

28
Q

how many hydrogen bonds do G and C have

A

3

29
Q

3 components of a nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate group

30
Q

chargaff

A

discovered that A=T, etc.

31
Q

phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar are held together by

A

covalent bonds

32
Q

two DNA strands are

A

anti parallel

33
Q

5’ end with

A

phosphate

34
Q

3’ ends with

A

deoxyribose

35
Q

what was thought to be the genetic blueprint orignally

A

proteins

36
Q

enzymes that destroyed DNA

A

prevented transformation

37
Q

space between separated strands

A

replication bubble

38
Q

enzyme that checks for mistakes

A

proof reading enzyme

39
Q

DNA travels in

A

5’ to 3’

40
Q

bacterial transformation

A

griffith

41
Q

base-pair rule

A

chargaff

42
Q

DNA is the hereditary material of viruses

A

chase and hershey

43
Q

shape of DNA is helix

A

franklin and wilkins

44
Q

DNA is a double helix

A

watson and crick

45
Q

how many replication bubbles are on each DNA molecule

A

multiple

46
Q

leading strand

A

synthesized continuously

47
Q

lagging strand

A

synthesized in pieces (okazaki fragments)

48
Q

mutagen

A

agent that induces or increased the frequency of mutations

honors bio (8 decks)

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