DNA

Question 1

Role of DNA in protein synthesis

Answer 1

contains code for amino acids

Question 2

Function of genes

Answer 2

determine characteristics

Question 3

Chromosomes are made of…

Answer 3

protein and DNA

Question 4

DNA stands for

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

smallest part of DNA

Answer 5

nucleotide

Question 6

Structure of nucleotide

Answer 6

Phosphate—–Sugar—–Base

Question 7

Structure of nucleotide in DNA

Answer 7

Phosphate—–Deoxyribose—–Adenine, Guanine, Thymine or Cytosine

Question 8

Purine DNA bases

Answer 8

Adenine, Guanine

Question 9

Pyrimidine DNA bases

Answer 9

Thymine, Cytosine

Question 10

Many nucleotides joined together

Answer 10

Polynucleotide chain

Question 11

Structure of DNA

Answer 11

two polynucleotide chains twisted together in DNA double helix

Question 12

Base pairs in DNA

Answer 12

A=T, C=G

Question 13

A and T are joined by

Answer 13

two hydrogen bonds

Question 14

G and C are joined by

Answer 14

three hydrogen bonds

Question 15

DNA replication occurs when?

Answer 15

During interphase of mitosis

Question 16

DNA replication steps

Answer 16

1: DNA double helix uncoils
2: Enzymes break the bonds between base pairs
3: Replicated according to template of old DNA strand
4: 2 identical DNA molecules twist, double helixes formed

Question 17

RNA stands for

Answer 17

ribonucleic acid

Question 18

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 18

RNA…………………DNA
ribose………………deoxyribose
single stranded..double stranded
A,G,U,C…………….A,G,T,C
can enter…………nucleus only
nucleus/move
around in cytoplasm

Question 19

What determines sequence of bases on RNA?

Answer 19

RNA builds itself up according to template on DNA

Question 20

Protein synthesis

Answer 20

how genes make proteins Eg: Keratin, enzymes, hormones

Question 21

RNA types involved in protein synthesis

Answer 21

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA

Question 22

Step names for protein synthesis

Answer 22

enzyme unwinds DNA 2x helix in gene, Transcription, Translation

Question 23

Transcription definition

Answer 23

rewriting of DNA code to strand of mRNA

Question 24

Translation definition

Answer 24

production of protein according to code on mRNA

Question 25

Where does translation occur

Answer 25

mRNA goes to ribosome

Question 26

Translation steps (5)

Answer 26

1.Codons (3 bases) on mRNA code for 1 amino acid
2.tRNAs pick up specific amino acid in cytoplasm + carry to ribosome
3.Anticodon on tRNAmatches codon on mRNA, brings acid into position
4.Amino acids joined together by peptide bonds, chain folds to become a protein
5.tRNAs continuously leave ribosome

Question 27

Process by which double stranded molecules are formed from single stranded molecules

Answer 27

replication

Question 28

Where in the cell does replication take place

Answer 28

nucleus

Question 29

codons code for one of three possible outcomes during protein synthesis. Name the 3 outcomes

Answer 29

Start, addition of amino acid, stop

Question 30

Molecule that carries complementary bases to mRNA molecule

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

Definition of gene

Answer 31

Section of DNA that codes for protein

Question 32

Opening through which mRNA leaves nucleus

Answer 32

nuclear pore

Question 33

Ribosomes are composed mainly of

Answer 33

rRNA

Question 34

Two non-nuclear locations of DNA in cells are…

Answer 34

mitochondrion or chloroplast

Question 35

Name the group of chemicals to which the nitrogenous compounds in nucleic acids belong

Answer 35

Bases

Question 36

Why does joining of amino acids eventually cease

Answer 36

stop codon reached