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Biology > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of food into small soluble pieces so nutrients can enter cells and provide energy

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2
Q

Types of digestion

A

Physical - teeth
Chemical - Enzymes

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3
Q

Teeth types

A

Incisor, canine, premolar, molar

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4
Q

Function of incisor

A

cut and bite

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5
Q

Function of canine

A

tear

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6
Q

Function of premolar and molar

A

Grind

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7
Q

Dental formula

A

2 (I 2/2, C1/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3)

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8
Q

Total teeth

A

32

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9
Q

Functions of mouth (3)

A

Teeth chew and break down food
Saliva wets food
Amylase breaks starch down to maltose

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10
Q

Functions of oespohagus

A

Peristalsis - muscular wave moves contents along
Carries food to stomach

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11
Q

Functions of stomach (3)

A

Contracts to help churn and digest food
Contains enzyme pepsin to digest protein
HCL kills bacteria

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12
Q

Define stomach

A

Muscular bag which holds and digests food

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13
Q

Functions of liver (4)

A

Makes bile, which is then stored in gallbladder
Sorts and stores nutrients, vitamins and minerals
Detoxifies body (alcohol/drugs)
Makes proteins used for blood clotting

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14
Q

Functions of pancreas

A

Makes amylase which digests starch into maltose
Makes lipase which digests lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Best pH is 7-9

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15
Q

What has happened by the end of the duodenum (chemically)

A

Starch - Maltose
Lipids - Fatty acids and glycerol
Protein - Amino acids

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16
Q

Ileum functions (3)

A

Contains many villi which increase surface area of absorption
Amino acids and glucose absorbed into blood capillaries and taken into liver
Fatty acids and glycerol enter in lacteals, transported in lymph, and returned to bloodstream

17
Q

Large intestine functions (4)

A

Reabsorb H20 from waste, forming faeces
Symbiotic bacteria makes vitamins and digests cellulose
Prevents growth of disease causing organisms
Fibre stimulates peristalsis here

18
Q

Rectum and anus functions

A

Rectum - stores fecal matter
Anus - where waste leaves body

19
Q

Adaptations of villi

A

Rich blood supply
Highly folded - large surface area for diffusion of nutrients
One cell thick - aids diffusion of nutrients

20
Q

Bile functions

A

Bile emulsifies fat into fat droplets
Bile salts neutralise acidic chime

21
Q

Effect of bile salts on lipid digestion

A

Bile salts and lipase increase rate of lipid digestion compared to using lipase alone

22
Q

What does lipase digest

A

Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol

23
Q

What does amylase digest

A

Starch - maltose

24
Q

What does pepsin digest

A

Protein- amino acids

25
Q

Role of symbiotic bacteria

A

Produces vitamins and digests cellulose

26
Q

At what location does lipase digest lipids

A

Duodenum

27
Q

Optimum pH for digesting lipids

A

7-9 in Ileum

28
Q

Structure that absorbs products of lipid digestion

A

Lacteal

29
Q

Where does deanimation occur

A

Liver

30
Q

Organs connected by hepatic portal vein

A

Intestine to liver

31
Q

Substances stored in liver

A

Vitamin A, copper, iron

32
Q

Benefits of dietary fibre (2)

A

Normalise bowel movements to prevent constipation
Aid in weight management

33
Q

Parts of digestive system in order (13)

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ileum, colon, caecum, appendix, rectum, anus

34
Q

Stages of digestive system (4)

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

35
Q

Functions of peristalsis

A

Mechanical breakdown of food, movement of food

36
Q

Function of epiglottis

A

Prevent food entering trachea

37
Q

Function of HCL

A

Provides pH 1 acidic environment to activate pepsin

Biology (7 decks)

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