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BIOL1024 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

In Prokaryotes
What is the DNA diameter?
Is it membrane bound?
What is its shape?

A

Diameter= 2μm
Not membrane bound
Circular super coil shape, naked DNA

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3
Q

In Eukaryotes
What is the DNA diameter?
Is it membrane bound?
What is its shape?

A

Diameter= 20μm

Found in the nucleus and membrane bound in chromosomes

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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5
Q

When does the number of human chromosomes double?

A

before mitosis

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6
Q

What cells are haploid?

Which are diploid?

A

Gametes= Haploid

Normal cells=diploid

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7
Q

Generally describe the structure of Chromosomes

A

DNA associated with proteins folded into a compact structure

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8
Q

Which are more condense A-T or G-C?

A

AT

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9
Q

Define Karyotype

A

Full set of chromosomes

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10
Q

Define non disjunction

A

pair of chromosomes fail to seperate during formation of gametes

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11
Q

Name 3 genetic diseases caused by nondisjunction

A

Down Syndrome-3 copies of chromosome 21
Turner Syndrome- 1X
Klinefelter Syndrome- male 1y 2x

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12
Q

What is the gene base change that causes sickle cell disease?

A

At position 17 of gene for beta chain of haemoglobin when A is switched to T to produce Valine

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13
Q

Describe Griffiths experiment

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia injected into mice
Non-Virulent strain becomes virulent when mixed with heat-killed stain
This was permeant which led to to the transforming principle

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14
Q

Describe Avery experiment

A

Live rough strain and heat killed smooth strain treated with DNAase and destroyed
proteases and RNAase had no effect

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15
Q

Describe Hershey and Chase experiment

A

T2 bacteriophage, one labelled with protein one with DNA

Only DNA labelled enters T2 enabling it to produce its own coat protein

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16
Q

Name the 3 main components of a nucleotide of DNA

A

5C deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Organic Nitrogenous base pairs

17
Q

Name the four bases

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine

18
Q

Which bases are Purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

19
Q

Which bases are Pyrimidines

A

Thymine and Cytosine

20
Q

What does Purine mean?

A

9 atoms in a ring

21
Q

What does Pyrimidine mean?

A

6 atoms in a ring

22
Q

Name the 2 types of groves in a DNA helix

A

Minor and Major grooves

23
Q

What is the role of the major groove?

A

Where proteins bind

24
Q

What is the primary structure of the DNA

A

Arrangement of deoxyribonucleotides

25
Q

What is the secondary structure of the DNA

A

Base pairing in antiparallel fashion of 2 complementary strands

BIOL1024 (14 decks)

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