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Spring 15 - CM Endocrine > DM Nutrition Therapy > Flashcards

DM Nutrition Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What effect do carbs have on BG?

A

carbs increase BG

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2
Q

What effect does insulin have on BG?

A

insulin decreases BG

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3
Q

What effect does protein have on BG?

A

-doesn’t increase BG b/c protein doesn’t break down into glucose

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4
Q

What effect does fat have on BG?

A

-doesn’t increase BG b/c protein doesn’t break down to glucose

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5
Q

What are some sources of carbohydrate?

A
  • highest: starchy veggies, corn, peas, potatoes, winter squash
  • milk, yogurt
  • legumes and fruits
  • grains, desserts
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6
Q

What is a carbohydrate unit/choice/exchange?

A

equivalent to 15 grams of total CHO in a food item

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7
Q

What is the recommendation for dairy?

A

-choose skim or low fat options

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8
Q

What is the recommendation for sugar?

A

limit or avoid intake of sugar beverages

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9
Q

What is the recommendation for protein?

A

no different recommendations than the usual intake

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10
Q

What is the recommendation for for fat?

A
  • mono and polyunsaturated fats are good

- limit saturated and trans fats

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11
Q

What circumstances might cause a change in insulin/carbohydrate ratios?

A
  • workday vs weekend
  • exercise vs non-exercise day
  • changes in body weight
  • sickness/medications
  • changing from multiple daily injections to continuous pump
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12
Q

What are insulin needs for sedentary vs activity?

A
  • more insulin when sedentary

- less insulin when active

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13
Q

Treatment for Type 2

A
  • diet
  • weight loss
  • exercise
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14
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A
  • refers to the area under the 2-hour glucose curve following consumption of 50 grams of CHO
  • proteins and fats do not have a GI
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15
Q

What is considered a high GI? Low GI?

A
  • high > 77

- low < 55

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16
Q

What is glycemic load?

A

-takes into account the amount of CHO in the portion eaten

17
Q

Why might GI vary in the same food?

A
  • harvest time, age, ripeness
  • variety
  • method of preparation
  • food form: liquid, solid, gum
18
Q

What is recommended for physical activity?

A
  • at least 150 minutes/wk of moderate-high intensity at least 3 days/wk
  • resistance training at least 2/wk
19
Q

What is the effect of exercise on type 1 diabetes?

A

-exercise has not been shown to improve blood sugar control

20
Q

What is the effect of exercise on type 2 diabetes?

A
  • improved insulin sensitivity
  • lower HgbA1c
  • helps attain and control body weight
  • decrease CVD risk factors

Spring 15 - CM Endocrine (17 decks)

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