DM Flashcards
Clinical symptoms of DMT1 when how much of the beta cells are destroyed?
80-90%
Dramatic and recurrent swings in glucose levels, often occurring for no apparent reason in insulin-dependent DM (Type 1)
“Brittle” DM; “unstable” or “labile DM”
Rapid acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?
Being: 15 min
Peaks: 1 hr
Continues: 2-4 hrs
Regular/short acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?
Begins: 30 min
Peaks: 2-3 hrs
Continues: 2-4 hrs
Intermediate acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?
Begins: 2-4 hrs
Peaks: 4-12 hrs
Continues: 12-18 hrs
Long acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?
Begins: several hours
Lower glucose levels fairly evenly over 24 hrs
Afrezza
Inhaled insulin that much be used in combo with injectable long acting insulin
U-100:
Standard and most used strength; 100 units/ml
U-500:
Extremely insulin resistant
U-40:
40 units /ml of fluid
1 unit of insulin lowers BS how much?
25-30
What fats increase risk of DMT2?
Saturated and trans fats
What fats decrease risk of DMT2?
Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
How common is DMT1?
10%
How common is DMT2?
80%
When is gestational DM detected?
3rd trimester
What 3 things can cause microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?
- Microvascular dysfunction
- Non-obstructive coronary disease
- Massive microangiopathy
Anemia caused by destruction of erythrocytes due to physical shearing as a result of passage through small vessels occluded by micro-thrombi
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
What oral drug increase insulin release?
Sulfonylurea (glucotrol, micronase)
What oral drug suppress excessive hepatic glucose release, increase cell absorption?
Biguanides (metformin, buformin, phenformin)
What oral drug improve insulin sensitivity?
Glitazones (avandia, actos, duvie, rezulin)
What oral drug delay GI glucose absorption?
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (precose, glyset)
What BG is considered hyperglycemia?
> 250
What should be avoided in local anesthetics for DM?
Epi
Increased risk of diabetic nephropathy include what kind of glycemic?
Hyper
- early hyperfunction and hypertrophy
- changes are found at diagnosis, before insulin treatment
- increase urinary albumin excretion, aggravated during physical exercise
- changes are at least partly reversible by insulin treatment
Stage 1
- develops silently over many years and morphology lesions without signs of clinical disease
- increased GFR
Stage 2
Abnormally elevated urinary albumin exertion (15-300)
Stage 3
- persistent proteinuria (>.5g/24hr)
- untreated HTN leads to decrease GFR
Stage 4
