DM

Question 1

Clinical symptoms of DMT1 when how much of the beta cells are destroyed?

Answer 1

80-90%

Question 2

Dramatic and recurrent swings in glucose levels, often occurring for no apparent reason in insulin-dependent DM (Type 1)

Answer 2

“Brittle” DM; “unstable” or “labile DM”

Question 3

Rapid acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?

Answer 3

Being: 15 min
Peaks: 1 hr
Continues: 2-4 hrs

Question 4

Regular/short acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?

Answer 4

Begins: 30 min
Peaks: 2-3 hrs
Continues: 2-4 hrs

Question 5

Intermediate acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?

Answer 5

Begins: 2-4 hrs
Peaks: 4-12 hrs
Continues: 12-18 hrs

Question 6

Long acting insulting begins to work when, peaks at, and continues to work for?

Answer 6

Begins: several hours

Lower glucose levels fairly evenly over 24 hrs

Question 7

Afrezza

Answer 7

Inhaled insulin that much be used in combo with injectable long acting insulin

Question 8

U-100:

Answer 8

Standard and most used strength; 100 units/ml

Question 9

U-500:

Answer 9

Extremely insulin resistant

Question 10

U-40:

Answer 10

40 units /ml of fluid

Question 11

1 unit of insulin lowers BS how much?

Answer 11

25-30

Question 12

What fats increase risk of DMT2?

Answer 12

Saturated and trans fats

Question 13

What fats decrease risk of DMT2?

Answer 13

Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats

Question 14

How common is DMT1?

Answer 14

10%

Question 15

How common is DMT2?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

When is gestational DM detected?

Answer 16

3rd trimester

Question 17

What 3 things can cause microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

Answer 17

1. Microvascular dysfunction
2. Non-obstructive coronary disease
3. Massive microangiopathy

Question 18

Anemia caused by destruction of erythrocytes due to physical shearing as a result of passage through small vessels occluded by micro-thrombi

Answer 18

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

Question 19

What oral drug increase insulin release?

Answer 19

Sulfonylurea (glucotrol, micronase)

Question 20

What oral drug suppress excessive hepatic glucose release, increase cell absorption?

Answer 20

Biguanides (metformin, buformin, phenformin)

Question 21

What oral drug improve insulin sensitivity?

Answer 21

Glitazones (avandia, actos, duvie, rezulin)

Question 22

What oral drug delay GI glucose absorption?

Answer 22

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (precose, glyset)

Question 23

What BG is considered hyperglycemia?

Answer 23

> 250

Question 24

What should be avoided in local anesthetics for DM?

Answer 24

Epi

Question 25

Increased risk of diabetic nephropathy include what kind of glycemic?

Answer 25

Hyper

Question 26

• early hyperfunction and hypertrophy
• changes are found at diagnosis, before insulin treatment
• increase urinary albumin excretion, aggravated during physical exercise
• changes are at least partly reversible by insulin treatment

Answer 26

Stage 1

Question 27

• develops silently over many years and morphology lesions without signs of clinical disease
• increased GFR

Answer 27

Stage 2

Question 28

Abnormally elevated urinary albumin exertion (15-300)

Answer 28

Stage 3

Question 29

• persistent proteinuria (>.5g/24hr)

- untreated HTN leads to decrease GFR

Answer 29

Stage 4