DLST Powerpoint Flashcards
What is the DLST? Directed Lie Screening Test
Derived from TES (Test for Espionage & Sabotage)
Directed Lie Comparison Questions (DLC’s)
Effective for:
Law Enforcement Pre-Employment Screening
Post-Conviction Sex Offender Testing (PSCOT)
What are the benefits of using the DLST method?
Pros and cons of using DLST.
Standardization of RQ’s
Standardization of DLC’s
Standardization of Pre-Test Interview
Little to no psychological manipulation
Easy to explain to examinee
Reduced examinee exhaustion when used with “successive hurdles”
Increased sensitivity to deception
Increased specificity to truthfulness
Decreased INC results
Decreased (slightly) use of CM’s compared to PLC techniques
Increased inter-rater reliability
What is a DLC? Directed Lie Comparison
Pros and cons of DLST?
Directed Lie Comparison (DLC) – A known lie that results from the examinee being instructed by the examiner to lie to specific questions.
Known Lie vs. Probable Lie
Non-naïve examinee better understands its usage in the test
Less confrontational compared to PLC’s
Research shows DLC’s to be as accurate or even more accurate than PLC’s
Non-emotional comparison - Question Recognition
What is an example of a DLC question?
In your whole life, did you ever commit a traffic violation?
In your whole life, did you ever lie to anyone?
In your whole life, did you ever say anything that you later regretted?
In your entire life, did you ever lie to a supervisor about anything?
In your entire life, did you ever violate a rule or regulation?
In your entire life, did you ever make even one mistake?
NOTICE THE “TIME BARS”!!
Used for question recognition.
The examinee can identify the questions to which they are supposed to lie.
What is the First step in explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Examiner qualifications/purpose today
“unbiased”, “neutral”, “fact-finder”
Explain the examination process
Consent form
Miranda warning for LE screening exams????
What is the Second step in explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Brief overview/explanation
Explain the testing process
“Must be able to do two things today to pass this test”
“Follow my directions”
“Respond appropriately”
“There will be three main types of questions for this test”
“Diagnostic lie questions where you will be doing the opposite of the other questions (lying) to make sure you are following my directions, paying attention, taking the test seriously, not thinking about anything else and are not getting fatigued”
“Diagnostic truth questions where I know you are telling the truth”
“Questions that the agency want to know for the hiring process which I will compare the responses against the other groups of questions.”
The three main types of questions on the DLST test are?
Diagnostic Lies- purposely lying to questions that you know are true
Diagnostic Truth- questions where I know you are telling the truth
Behavioral- questions that the are needed to compare your responses to
What is the Fourth step in explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Brief overview/explanation (con’t)
“As long as you respond appropriately to the diagnostic questions and the employment questions, I will be able to evaluate the test and get a result today.”
“If you don’t respond as instructed, you will not pass the test.”
“There are two ways the test can result: either you pass or you don’t”
“When someone doesn’t pass, its because they lied to the employment questions, they didn’t follow my instructions, or they didn’t respond appropriately when they were supposed to lie.”
“When someone doesn’t respond when I know they are lying on those diagnostic lie questions, I can’t evaluate the test.”
“Most of the time this comes from the examinee not paying attention, not following my instructions or just not caring about the process.”
“I don’t believe you are that type of person, but just to make sure, can you give me your guarantee that you’ll follow my instructions and take all of the questions seriously?”
What is the Fifth step to explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Biographical information
Medical information
Issues with LE pre-employment????
Semi-structured interview
Review Screening booklet
Basic explanation of physiology/components
Not as in-depth as with PLC techniques
What is the 6th step to explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Acquaintance test explanation
“practice test to experience the polygraph components and answer questions”
“make sure you can follow directions”
“make sure you can respond appropriately when lying”
Acquaintance test administration
Known solution
Simple math test
Can use DLC “time bar” for key
Acquaintance test feedback
“As long as you can produce results like this during the next tests, I should be able to evaluate your results & make a decision.”
What is the 7th step to explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
Question review and descriptions
Review only the questions for the up-coming subtest prior to each chart
(Ex: Questions for DLST-A prior to that chart; Questions for DLST-B prior to that chart)
Use different DLC’s for each subtest
Ask them “What are the only two question that I have instructed you to lie about on this phase of the examination?”
Again…Question Recognition!!
Can use same IR’s for each subtest
What is the 8th step to explaining the DLST pre-test interview?
The question review order?
Example of a Relevant question?
Question Review Order:
RQ’s, SR, DLC’s, IR’s
Relevant Questions
“These questions are designed to determine if you are telling the truth about the issues the agency wants to know about for the screening process.”
Use of “crime sheets” to list the crimes from the questionnaire??
Mind Maps??
The explanation of a Sacrifice Relevant question?
Sacrifice Relevant Questions
Examples of SR’s for DLST
“Do you intend to answer the illegal drug and domestic violence questions truthfully”
“Do you intend to answer the illegal sex and serious crime questions truthfully?
SR questions should be paired with the appropriate relevant questions for each subset.
The explanation of a Directed Lie question?
Directed Lie Comparison Questions
“These questions are designed to make sure you can follow directions and respond appropriately when you are supposed to be lying.”
“They also establish a baseline for comparison to the questions the agency wants to know.”
Examples:
“In your whole life, did you ever commit a traffic violation?”
“In your whole life, did you ever lie to a supervisor about anything?”
“In your whole life, did you ever tell even one lie?”
“In your whole life, did you ever lie to keep yourself out of trouble?”
“In your whole life, did you ever violate even one rule or regulation?”
“In your whole life, did you ever say anything out of anger that you later regretted?”
The explanation of an Irrelevant question?
Irrelevant Questions
“These questions are also called known truth or control questions.”
“They are designed to make sure you can respond appropriately when you are telling the truth.”
“They also establish a baseline for when you are telling the truth.”
“Are you now sitting down?”
“Are the lights on in this room?”
“Is today Wednesday?”
“Are you currently in the state of __________?”
What is the DLST test types and order?
Behavior instructions
DLST test administration
DLST-A
DLST-B
DLST-C (if using 6 RQ’s)
TDA
Successive Hurdles (if necessary & according to policy)
Don’t worry! We’ll discuss this later in the presentation!
Post-Test Interview
What is the DLST – Procedure & format ?
1 chart for every two RQ’s
1 chart for R1 & R2, 1 chart for R3 & R4, 1 chart for R5 & R6 (if used)
2 IR’s
1 SR identifying the two RQ’s
2 different RQ’s
3 artifact-free presentations of each RQ
2 different DLC’s
2 presentations of each DLC
2 different DLC’s for each chart
Order is:
N1 N2 SR 1C1 1R1 1R2 1C2 2R1 2R2 2C1 3R1 3R2 2C2
How do you deal with artifacted RQs?
DLST requires scoring of 3 artifact-free presentations of each RQ
If one of the first 3 presentations is artifacted, a 4th presentation is permitted
Can be done as a 4th presentation on same chart or as a “short test”
4th RQ Presentation
N1 N2 SR 1C1 1R1 1R2 1C2 2R1 2R2 2C1 3R1 3R2 2C2 4R1 4R2 3C1
“Short Test”
N1 N2 SR 3C1 4R1 4R2 3C2
DLST test data analysis (TDA) is?
Each RQ is compared to the bracketing DLC’s
Score only the first 3 artifact-free presentations of each RQ
If one RQ presentation is artifacted, score 4th presentation for that RQ ONLY.
Caution scoring pneumograph channels with DLC’s
Good for artifact/CM detection
Obvious suppression in RQ’s should be scored, otherwise better to zero
Examinee is SR, NSR or INC to the subtest, not a specific RQ
No split opinions within a subtest!!
Examinee will be either SR, NSR or INC to each subtest
Example:
DLST-A = NSR
DLST-B = SR
What scoring methods are used for DLST?
Federal 7 Point and Federal ESS
SR = spot score of -3 or less in either RQ OR
grand total of -4 or less
NSR = spot score of +1 or greater in each RQ & grand total of +4 or greater
INC = neither of the above
- If INC, discuss & review the test questions and repeat subtest
- The score for repeated subtest stands alone
- Do not add repeated subtest score to 1st subtest
- If INC after repeated subtest, then decision is INC
What is DLST Successive Hurdles mean?
Successive hurdles may be used according to agency policy
Breakout test(s) should focus on the RQ’s which displayed the greatest SR reactions
May use DLST format, Utah-DLC or Federal Bi-Zone (You Phase) for breakout test
CANNOT use DLC’s for Federal “You Phase”, AFGMQT or ZCT as criminal examinations…just associated with screening examinations!!!
DLST breakout question examples?
-start breakout test with most responsive RQ
Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in a crime against a person?
Are you now withholding any information about whether you harmed another person?
Are you now withholding any information regarding your involvement in a sex crime?
R2: Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in a crime against a property?
Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the theft of property?
Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the damage of property?
R3: Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drugs?
Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the use of illegal drugs?
Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the distribution of illegal drugs?
R4: Are you now being dishonest about any information in your screening booklet?
Are you now omiting any information from your screening booklet?
Are you now lying about any information in the screening booklet?
What is the question sequence for a DLST drug breakout test? They should be primed to not be alarmed about being asked the same questions numerous times.
R3: Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drugs?
N1 – Are you now sitting down?
N2 – Are the lights on in this room?
SR – Do you intend to answer the illegal drug questions truthfully?
1C1 – In your whole life, did you ever lie to a supervisor?
1R1 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug usage?
1R2 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug distribution?
1C2 – In your whole life, did you ever violate a rule or regulation?
2R1 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug usage?
2R2 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug distribution?
2C1 – In your whole life, did you ever lie to a supervisor?
3R1 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug usage?
3R2 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug distribution?
2C2 - In your whole life, did you ever violate a rule or regulation?
What would a Utah DLC breakout test sequence look like if an examinee showed high reactions to the drug question?
Test?
R3: Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drugs?
UTAH 3Q DLC Breakout- a single issue test
IN1(Introductory Q) – Do you understand that I will only ask the questions that we reviewed?
SR – Do you intend to answer the illegal drug questions truthfully?
N1 – Are you now sitting down?
C1 – In your whole life, did you ever tell a lie to anyone?
R1 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement with illegal drug usage?
N2 – Are the lights on in this room?
C2 – In your whole life, did you ever violate a traffic law?
R2 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the sale of illegal drugs?
N3 – Is today Wednesday?
C3 – In your whole life, did you ever lie to make yourself look better?
R3 – Are you now withholding any information about your involvement in the transportation of illegal drugs?
