DL Promoting Access to Medical Technologies Flashcards
What is one element of the fulfilment the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health of the UN Sustainable Development Goals?
Access to essential medicines and health services i
What innovation is differ in medical innovation?
- the ethical dimension of medical research
- a rigorous regulatory framework
- liability questions,
- the high cost of medical research and development (R&D)
- the high risk of failure
What is HIV and AIDS ?
HIV - immunodeficiency virus.
AIDS epidemic - acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic.
What initiated a global debate which is still going on today is about?
how to achieve the right to balance between IPR and the right of access to affordable medicines
to how many people helped the price reduction and the availability of more affordable generic antiretroviral treatments ?
in 2015 it helped 15 million people to have access to the treatment
What kind of diseases
Helped:
HIV
AIDS
tuberculosis (TB)
Need a treatment:
“noncommunicable diseases” (NCDs):
cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic
respiratory disease and diabetes
What us the name of diseases which affect poor population in poor countries?
neglected diseases
What is the positive aspect of the compulsory licenses?
- countries can to pursue public health objectives
- help build partnerships
- enable innovation through cooperation to bring new medical technologies typically aim at commercial objectives
Conclusion of the Introduction?
in general they are talking about global debate nowadays about access poor countries to the medicine. or the the treatments witch they can not afforded. Neither to buy it nor to produce itself. Global community looking to find a balance between IPR, international trades and the outcome to public health. That is why WHO, WTO and WIPO try to solve this problem together. Introduction also provide as with fact such as how many people it already to saved lives and what kind of benefits actually it can bring to developed countries, patent holders and others.
How policymaking for innovation and access to medical technologies is interlinked in public health IP and trade?
Health policy and other policy domains, such as human rights, development policy, intellectual
property and international trade, interact. Access to medicines and health services is an element of
the right to health and of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Innovation in medical
technologies differs from innovation in others sectors, because of the ethical dimension of medical
research, a rigorous regulatory framework, liability questions, the high cost of medical R&D and the
high risk of failure. Medical technologies are not just another commodity: they need to be widely
accessible and affordable.
The TRIPS Agreement sets international minimum standards for IP systems, but does not and should
not prevent WTO Members from taking measures to protect public health. WTO Members have
recognized the importance of intellectual property protection for the development of medical
technologies and, at the same time have expressed concerns about its effect on prices. WTO
Members.are free to determine the appropriate method of implementation of TRIPS standards within
their own legal practice, national needs and priorities. These policy options are often referred to as
“TRIPS flexibilities”. Countries may implement more extensive protection if they wish, provided it is
TRIPS-consistent.
International trade allows new technologies to spread around the world, can bring down the cost and
stabilize the supply of medical products. Trade is of fundamental importance to promoting access to
medical technologies and innovation, as no country can hope to be entirely self-sufficient in
manufacturing all the medical products it needs. However, there are a number of trade-related factors
that can also negatively impact access to medical technologies, ranging from import tariffs to the
inclusion of intellectual property provisions in trade agreements that delay the entry of generic
products into the market. The current WTO agreements include a range of policy options or
“flexibilities” that are available to pursue public health objectives in the intellectual property system.
Access to medical technologies ?
- Human rights dimension
- Innovation and public research polices
- International trade and domestic economic settings
- IP law, management and administration
- Regulation: quality, safety and efficacy
- Public health framework
What is the Human Rights Dimension?
The right to health is a central element of the international human rights system as well as of the international health system. e,g the preamble of the WHO Constitution was the first
international instrument to state that “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one
of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief,
economic or social condition”.
The poor and vulnerable may be unable to fully realize their right to health due to such
factors as inadequate supplies of essential medicines, high prices and requirements to make out-ofpocket
payments.
Outline how the global disease burden will change by 2030.
Under the 3rd goad of SDG the global community commits to end the epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030., aims to achieve universal health coverage and to provide access to safe and effective medicines and vaccines for all.
What does it mean from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals ?
(MDG»_space;> SDG)
MDG it was a set of * international development goals that were achieved by 2015. They all were related to improving physical, mental and social well-being for all.
MDG came to an end in 2015, the UN in September 2015 decided on a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
What affirmed the WTO Doha declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 2001 (Doha Declaration)?
affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all.
