dka & Acid Base

Question 1

dka

Answer 1

excess of ketones as a result of lipid breakdown
gradual, sudden onset
Ph means 7.07
Osmolarity -320

Question 2

HHS

Answer 2

Gradual onset
High blood sugar leads to high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis
Ph means: 7.26
Osmolarity : 400

Question 3

DKA management (actrap)

Answer 3

ABC
Commence fluid resuscitation
Treat K
Replace insulin
Acidosis management
Prevent complications

Question 4

Potassium in DKA

Answer 4

Increased ketones = more intracellular K being used

Osmotic diuresis leads to potassium being excreted leading to depletion of K

Question 5

s&s hyponatremia (increased blood volume)

Answer 5

muscle weakness, headache, confusion, high BP, edema, coma

Question 6

S&s hyponatremia (decreased blood volume)

Answer 6

Tremors, irritability, postural hypotension, dry mucous membranes, coma

Question 7

Hypernatremia s&s

Answer 7

Thirst, fatigue, coma, altered mental status, edema

Question 8

Potassium excretion

Answer 8

Excreted by kidneys, GI Tract and skin
If K intake is high, kidneys compensate by excreting excess K via urine. When K concentrations are high adrenal cortex releases aldosterone which increeases excretion of K

Question 9

Hypokalemia s&s

Answer 9

Prominent U wave (bipgasic T), dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, nausea

Question 10

S&s hyperkalemia

Answer 10

Long PRI, st depression, thin t wave, wide qrs, no P wave

Resp distress, diarrhea, muscle weakness, paresthesia