Diversity of life

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life

Answer 1

Cellular organisation
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Adaptation through evolution
CRMHHRGA

Question 2

What are the realistic options for the origin of life

Answer 2

• Generation of complex biomolecules due to complex early atmosphere and deep sea hydrothermal vents
• Generation of replicating organisms via an RNA world and chelation by mineral clays
  -Panspermia

Question 3

What do we use to measure most cells and organelles?

Answer 3

Micrometres/microns

Question 4

What is 1 μm equivalent to?

Answer 4

One thousandth of a millimetre

Question 5

What is 1 millimetre equivalent to?

Answer 5

1000 μm / micrometre

Question 6

What is the eukaryote cell range in micrometres?

Answer 6

10-100 μm

Question 7

What cells are less than 5 μm?

Answer 7

Prokaryote cells

Question 8

What do the two organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) measure in micrometres?

Answer 8

Mitochondria is 1-10 μm and Chloroplasts are 2-5 μm

Question 9

What do we use to measure the COMPONENTS of cells and organelles

Answer 9

Nanometres (nm)

Question 10

What is the equivalent of 1 nm in micrometres?

Answer 10

One thousandth of a micrometre

Question 11

What is the equivalent of 1000 nanometre in micrometre?

Answer 11

1 μm

Question 12

How did we get from tiny fossil cells to today’s biosphere?

Answer 12

Evolution

Question 13

How is evolution achieved?

Answer 13

When varying organisms pass on their characteristics and survive differentially

Question 14

What is the key issue in the origin of life

Answer 14

It is how information that codes for life’s functions can be copied and passed on

Question 15

Evolution does the rest…

Answer 15

Once replicating organisms arrive

Question 16

Natural selection…

Answer 16

is a testable hypothesis that provides a mechanism to explain evolution

Question 17

What are the four requirements for natural selection?

Answer 17

-Variation
-Inheritance
-Selection
-Time

Question 18

Variation as a requirement for natural selection meaning..

Answer 18

Individuals in a population vary from one another

Question 19

Inheritance as a requirement for natural selection meaning…

Answer 19

Parents pass on their traits to their offspring genetically

Question 20

Selection as a requirement for natural selection meaning..

Answer 20

Some variants reproduce more than others

Question 21

Time as a requirement for natural selection meaning..

Answer 21

Successful variations accumulate over many generations

Question 22

What does evolution act on

Answer 22

It does not just act on shape or colour, but also on biological molecules

Question 23

Natural selection does not work just on an animal,

Answer 23

but on the molecules that made/make the animal

Question 24

What should DNA show in regards to evolution or natural selection?

Answer 24

It should show some evidence of evolution and natural selection

Question 25

Phylogenetic trees are made how

Answer 25

By identifying shared characters

Question 26

What can characters/animals/organisms share in phylogenetic trees

Answer 26

Physical things or sequence information from biological molecules

Question 27

What are the three domains

Answer 27

Bacteria , Eukarya, Archea

Question 28

What is the endosymbiosis theory

Answer 28

It is the theory that states that two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria.

Question 29

What is mitochondria derived from?

Answer 29

Proteobacteria

Question 30

What are chloroplasts derived from?

Answer 30

Cyanobacteria

Question 31

What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 31

The key difference is that membrane enclosed organelles are present in eukaryotes