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chem141 > Diversity of Cells > Flashcards

Diversity of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the width of a mitrochondrion?

A

2um

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2
Q

What is the width of a ribosome?

A

20nm

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3
Q

What is the width of a cluster of cells?

A

200 - 20um

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4
Q

What is the length of a C-C bond?

A

0.147nm ( = 1.27A )

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5
Q

How many genes do humans have?

A

Around 24,000

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6
Q

How many base pairs do humans have?

A

3.2 billion base pairs

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7
Q

How fast can prokaryotes reproduce under optimum conditions?

A

Every 20 minutes

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8
Q

What are membrane bound components called?

A

Organelles

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9
Q

What is the mechanism mitochondria use to release energy?

A

Through the oxidation of sugars to produce ATP - adenosine triphosphate

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10
Q

How can mitochondria’s relationship with bacteria initially be described as?

A

Symbiotic

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11
Q

What green pigment is present in chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll - responsible for photosynthesis

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12
Q

Define smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth - synthesises lipids for cell membrane, also metabolises carbohydrates and drugs.

Rough - ribosomes bound, key for protein synthesis

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13
Q

What is the golgi apparatus’ function?

A

To receive, modify and process molecules made in the ER. New molecules are secreted from cell or used elsewhere.

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14
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

Site of intracellular digestion, release nutrients/breaks down unwanted molecules

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15
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

To provide an enclosed environment for precautions involving peroxides - H2O2

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16
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

Transport molecules around the cell, and can fuse with organelles in cell.

17
Q

What is the cytosol?

A

A site of many important chemical reactions, similar to a water-based gel rather than a solution.

18
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Collective term for the cytosol + all organelles.

19
Q

What is actin and where is it most concentrated?

A

It is the thinnest filament - high concentration in muscles

20
Q

What are microtubules and there importance?

A

Thickest filament - important in pulling duplicated chromosomes part during cellular division

21
Q

What is the role of intermediate filament?

A

To strengthen cell’s structure

22
Q

Give 3 differences between a typical bacteria cell and animal cell

A

Bacteria:
Flagellum
Ribosomes in cytsol
Cell wall
Plasmids

Animal:
Peroxisomes
Membrane bound nucleus
Ribosomes bound to ER
Mitochondria
Lysosomes

chem141 (12 decks)

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