Diversity and Conflict Resolution Flashcards
In our global village rank Africans, Asians, Europeans, North Americans, South and Central American, Australians, and Russians from most prevalent to least
1) Asians
2) Africans
3) Europeans
4) South and Central Americans
5) Russians
6) North Americans
7) Australians
In our global village rank Buddhists, Christians, Animists, Hindus, Jews, Moslems, Shinto and Confucian, and Atheist from most prevalent to least
1) Christians
2) Atheists
3) Moslems
4) Hindus
5) Buddhists
6) Shinto and Confucian
7) Amnists
8) Jews
In our global village rank Mandarin, English, Hindu, Spanish, Arabic and Other languages from most prevalent to least
1) Other (accumulation of 200 other languages)
2) Mandarin
3) English
4) Hindu
5) Spanish
6) Arabic
In out global village what percent would be illiterate? College Educated? Other?
70% Illiterate
1% College Education
29% Other
What is culture?
a particular form or stage of civilization, the behaviors and beliefs, characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group
What is Cultural Competence?
the condition of being capable of understanding different cultures and appreciating cultural differences
What is Cultural Bias?
the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one’s own culture.
What is Ethnicity?
A person’s ethnic traits, background, or allegiance
What is Ethnocentrism?
the belief and superiority of your own culture
Why is it important to consider culture during your interactions with patients or other HCPs?
- Relationship to lifestyle patterns
- Basic elements of a patient’s interaction with the medical system
- Understanding the patient’s point of view
- Culture provides definitions of what is “normal”
How does culture providing a definition of what is “normal” play a role in our interactions with patients or other HCPs?
Provides explanations of how and why people get sick or injured
Culture is often referred to as an iceberg, why?
There are things we all know to be associated with culture, while others lie under the surface
12 Components of Culture
- Race
- Gender
- Age
- Nationality
- Socioeconomic
- Religion
- Occupation
- Sexual Preference
- Health Condition
- Group Membership
- Educational Background
- Political Orientation
What are the Two Types of Cultures?
1) Individualistic Cultures
2) Collectivistic Cultures
Describe Individualistic Cultures
- Focus on the individual
- Emphasize individual needs
- Stress autonomy in health care decision making
3 Examples of Individualistic Cultures
1) United States
2) Canada
3) Western European countries
Describe Collectivistic Cultures
- Focus on the group
- Emphasize group harmony
- Stress consensus in health care decision making
4 Examples of Collectivistic Cultures
- Japan
- Pakistan
- Thailand
- South American countries
3 Type of Verbal Communication Styles
1) Direct
2) Indirect
3) Silence
Describe Direct Verbal Communication
the wants, needs, desires of speaker are explicit in verbal communication
Describe Indirect Verbal Communication
the speaker’s wants, needs, desires are camouflaged in verbal communication
Describe Silent Verbal Communication
meaning…silence can be uncomfortable for some – in Indian culture silence can mean intense, pleasurable, or meditative communication
3 Nonverbal Communication Styles
1) Privacy = control of access
2) Touch
3) Eye contact
3 Tips to Promote Effective Intercultural Communication
- Recognize the transactional influence of culture on interpersonal relationships
- Foster culturally sensitive care
- Enlist culturally based resources to supplement existing resources
What is ageism?
One makes presupposed judgments based on a person’s age
What does research and evidence show about patient care of the elderly?
that older patients are likely to receive services of lower quality than those of younger patients
3 reasons why older patients may receive services of lower quality than those of younger patients?
- HCP assumes that physical and psychological problems may be normal for an older person
- Lower functional goals may be set for an older patient
- Drugs may be overused and deplorable conditions in nursing homes reflect the devalued status of the elderly
What is a personal biases?
a tendency to interpret a word or action in terms of some personal significance assigned to it
What are 3 origins of personal biases?
1) Race
2) Religion
3) Ethnicity
What is Discrimination?
Making a judgment about others based on previous decisions or experiences (often times based on faulty or unsubstantiated data)
What is prejudice?
an aversive or hostile attitude toward a person who belongs to a group, simply because they belong to that group, and is therefore assumed to have objectionable qualities ascribed to that group
What is conflict?
A struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power, and resources in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure, or eliminate the rivals
What are the Four Dimensions of Conflict?
1) It is a struggle
2) There is an interdependence between individuals
3) Always contains an affective element (feelings are involved)
4) Involves differences between individuals that they perceive to be incompatible
2 Types of Conflict
1) Content Conflicts
2) Relationship Conflicts
What 2 things are content conflicts based on?
1) Differences in beliefs or values
2) Goals and ways to reach those goals
5 Differences in beliefs or values
- Basic philosophy of life
- Based on upbringing
- Educational experiences
- Work experiences
- Life experiences
2 Types of Content conflicts over goals?
1) Procedural conflict
2) Substantive conflict
What is a Procedural conflict?
Disagreement between group members on procedure
What is a Substantive conflict?
There is agreement about the procedure, but there is a disagreement over the task that needs to be done
3 Types of Relational Conflicts
1) Self-esteem
2) Control
3) Affiliation
Describe Self-esteem Relational Conflicts
Occur when the amount of validation from others seems scarce and a clash develops regarding who is to receive credit for the work that has been done
Describe Control Relational Conflicts
Occur when actual control that an individual has is incompatible with the amount of control that they ideally would like to have
Describe Affiliation Relational Conflicts
If an individual’s needs for closeness and to be included are not satisfied, frustration and feelings of conflict may arise
2 Theoretical Approaches to Conflict
1) Game theory
2) Conflict resolution theory
Describe Game Theory
Assumes that individuals will select strategies and make choices that are beneficial to their own self-interest
According to the conflict resolution theory what are the 8 conditions that set the stage for conflict?
1) Responsibilities and roles that are not well defined
2) Competition for resources
3) Barriers to communication
4) Forced dependence on others
5) High degree of differentiation in organizational levels and job specialties
6) Joint decision making and consensus are a necessity
7) Many rules, policies, and procedures
8) Unresolved prior conflicts
According to the Conflict Resolution Theory what are the 2 types of conflicts?
1) Perceived conflict
2) Felt conflict
Describe perceived conflicts
Person A perceives a problem differently than Person B…thus there is an increased likelihood of conflict
Often times caused by things being perceived in a way that was attended
Describe felt conflicts
Type of conflict that is the result of emotional reactions of individuals
When is the ability to resolve felt conflicts enhanced?
When one learns to cope with intense emotions that can be created by conflict
According to the conflict resolution theory what are the 3 strategies to conflict resolution or suppression?
1) Win-Lose Strategies
2) Lose-Lose Strategies
3) Win-Win Strategies
5 Styles of Approaching Conflict
1) Avoidance
2) Competition
3) Accommodation
4) Compromise
5) Collaboration
Describe the Benefits or Disadvantages to Avoidance
Disadvantage comes in that the problem is never solved
Describe the Benefits or Disadvantages to Competition
Unhealthy because there is always a winner and a loser which leads to more conflict later
Describe the Benefits or Disadvantages to Accommodation
There is always going to be one person that does not get their way
Describe the Benefits or Disadvantages to Compromise and Collaboration
Each are beneficial because Both parties are somewhat satisfied
Which Styles of Approaching Conflict are desired?
Compromise and Collaboration
