Diversity Flashcards
baby boomers
1946 to 1964
over 16% of the population
baby busters (generation X)
1965 to 1980
2nd largest living generation
seeking stimulation
wanting the facts
wanting non-boring jobs
keeping options open
millennials
(echo boomers/internet generation/nexters/gen Y)
1981-1996
largest living generation
self-confident
tech aware
goal oriented
multiculturally inclusive
generation Z
1997-2012
gen alpha
2013-2025
cohabitation (living together)
50% of marriages start with cohabitation
divorce rate
40%
remarriage declined because of cohabitation
multicultural marriage
one in six newlyweds
sandwich generation parents
caring for their own children as well as their elderly parents
females
51%
us life expectancy
79 yrs
workforce
women 58%
men 69%
major social factors
parents
peers
tv and social media
gender expectations
family
school
religion
peers
culture
society
5 different cultures
universal (same biological needs)
ecological (tempeture)
national (country-language)
region (culture within a nation)
racio-ethnic (race and ethnic)
differences within ethnic minority groups
values
attitudes
behaviors
education
racial identity development
acculturation
culture
set of values and behaviors that are learned and passed on within community
(language, music, food, rituals)
social class
different levels of material possessions
economic advantage/ assets and money
counselors role
counselors and clients are the products of
cultural pluralism
people with special concerns and needs
(racial, handicapped, poor, children…)
cultural norms
group’s basic interpretation of life
prejudice
preconceived judgment or opinion without sufficient knowledge
(can be positive or negative)
microaggression
any comment, action, or gesture as hurtful or inappropriate
(intentional or unintentional)
(often directed at minorities)
racism
belief that some races are inherently superior to others
(individual, institutional, cultural bases)
disproportionality
treating some school-age children different than others by referring them to special education or disciplinary
ethnocentrism
one’s own group is the center of everything
(we are the best at everything as a country)
white privilege
subtle advantages and entitlements of european americans
perception that their lives are normative, average, and ideal
acculturation
racial or ethnic minority adopts and incorporates the values, beliefs, customs of the dominant culture
assimilation
individual changed so much and absorbed into the dominant group losing their own original values and behaviors
true or false: Many women experience conflicts in the multiple roles they are expected to fulfill including
childbearing and child-rearing, homemaking, and career.
true
what’s is the feminist approach to therapy?
direct awareness of counselors to the historical oppression, marginalization, and cultural limitations to which women have been subjected.
true or false: Men in counseling may be very goal oriented.
true
define: non-binary, polyamorous, and transgender
Non-binary: a term describing anyone whose gender identity falls outside
the binary of woman/man.
Polyamorous: refers to the state or practice of having more than one
romantic relationship during a period of time.
Transgender: umbrella term for those whose gender identity does not
match with that assigned for their physical sex.
In what year did the US Supreme Court rule the US Congress-passed Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was unconstitutional?
2013
all state-level bans on same-sex marriage were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in what year?
2015
Stanley Strong viewed counseling as an interpersonal influence process. The counselee may view the counselor as having these characteristics:
a. expert: has formal training, experience, and special knowledge, b. attractive: the counselor is perceived as similar to the client; the
client has a desire to gain the counselor‘s approval,
c. trustworthy: the counselor is perceived as wanting to help and is
caring.
What’s the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation?
intrinsic comes from an internal drive while extrinsic is based off of external factors
define external control:
External control: this is the belief that events occur independently of their own actions and that the future is determined more by chance and luck.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA)
In 1997, IDEA replaced PL94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children‘s Act.
The provisions of IDEA 2004 include:
a. free, appropriate public education must be assured to all children and
youngsters between 3 and 21,
b. these individuals with handicaps will be placed in the least restrictive
environment,
c. each person has an individualized education plan (IEP), and
d. children with qualifying disabilities attending private schools or those
institutionalized are also eligible for services.
what is key information about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA-1990):
- The act prohibits employers of 15 or more workers to discriminate in employment (or even applying for employment) against the disabled
- prohibits discrimination in public and private transportation as well as access to public buildings and facilities
- 12.6% of the United States population have varying degrees of disability
how much of the population is 65 and over?
over 16%
define ageism
negative attitudes and stereotypes which may suggest that older people are incompetent, forgetful, and useless.
what are characteristics of older adults:
- physical impairment
- potential intellectual decline
- most characteristic personality traits remain stable
- 10 percent of older adults may have depression and other mental illness.
Child sexual abuse occurs most often:
between the ages of 7 and 13 by a male known to the child.
opioid use is impacting the labor force. Research suggests nearly _____ of men in their prime work age not in the labor force take prescription painkillers daily.
one-half
what is the second leading cause of death among 10 to 34 year olds?
suicide
about how many adolescents kill themselves every year?
5,000
who is at greatest risk of suicide in this age group?
American Indian and Alaska Natives
true of false: Although more girls attempt suicide, boys are more successful (about
80 percent of all suicides).
true
suicide rates in general are increasing where?
less urban more rural areas
how much of the US population feels stressed about the future of the nation?
2/3
Who is associated with cognitive dissonance (Cognitive dissonance is a source of motivation–we try to reduce dissonance)?
Leon Festinger
what are the Kubler-Ross stages of grief?
a. Denial and isolation – “It’s not really happening.”
b. Anger – “Why me?”
c. Bargaining – “If I don’t die, I will….”
d. Depression – characterized by silence, suffering, and grief.
e. Acceptance – a sense of peace, it’s okay.
what is the concept behind Masters and Johnson in the sex lives of older people?
Physical and psychological factors may influence sexual activity.
The Masters and Johnson approach was to use male-female co-therapy teams to work with the marital partners together. They believed that a primary reason for sexual dysfunction was that the participant was “critically watching and evaluating” their own sexual performance.
Masters and Johnson’s therapy tried
to suspend this self-evaluation.
true or false: When a discrepancy exists between verbal and nonverbal messages, the verbal one will be believed
false; the nonverbal one will be believed
define paralanguage
Paralanguage: These are the other vocal cues individuals use to communicate with and include loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate of speech,
and inflections.
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory has found that approximately what percent of children and college samples are androgynous.
30%
what is androgynous counseling?
Androgynous counseling is helping clients find/uncover both male and female
characteristics.
