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Gross anatomy test 2 > Diversified II Midterm > Flashcards

Diversified II Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the typical vertebrae in the thoracic region?

A

T2 to T8

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2
Q

describe the surfaces of a typical thoracic vertebrae.

A

anterior is convex and posterior is concave

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3
Q

what are short in a thoracic vertebrae?

A

the pedicles and the laminae

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4
Q

what are long in a thoracic vertebrae?

A

the spinous process

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5
Q

which direction are the TVPs in relation to the sup. articular process?

A

behind

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6
Q

articular facets lie at?

A

60 degrees to the transverse plane and 20 to the coronal plane

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7
Q

what is the disc height to body height ratio?

A

1:5 which doesn’t allow for flexibility

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8
Q

what is the anterior TVP called?

A

costotransverse joint

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9
Q

which are the atypical vertebrae in the thoracic?

A

T1 and T9-T12

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10
Q

which thoracic vertebrae has a whole facet?

A

T1

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11
Q

which thoracic vertebrae have the characteristics of a lumbar vertebrae?

A

T11 and below

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12
Q

what type of curve does the thoracic spine have?

A

kyphotic

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13
Q

what is the average measurement of the thoracic spine?

A

45 degrees, accepted is 20-50 degrees

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14
Q

where is the apex of the thoracic curve?

A

T6-T7

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15
Q

what is juvenile kyphosis called?

A

scheuermann disease

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16
Q

what is the most restricted ROM in the thoracic?

A

flexion and extension

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17
Q

what is the coupled motion with lateral flexion in the thoracic?

A

rotation

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18
Q

which muscles cause concentric and eccentric flexion of the thoracic?

A

rectus abdominis is concentric and erector spine is eccentric

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19
Q

what can flexion be limited by?

A

ligamentum flavum, PLL, posterior IVD, elastic limits of tissue

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20
Q

what muscles cause eccentric extension in the thoracic?

A

rectus abdominis, erector spinae causes concentric

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21
Q

what is extension limited by>

A

ALL, anterior IVD, elastic limits of tissue

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22
Q

what causes concentric and eccentric action lateral flexion in the thoracic?

A

concentric: ipsilateral ES and QL
eccentric: contralateral ES and QL

23
Q

what are the characteristics cs of costovertebral joints?

A

rib heads connect to vertebral body

contain a capsular ligament and a radiate ligament

24
Q

what is similar is a costotransverse and costovertebrae joint?

A

they are both synovial

25
Q

which ribs are considered true and which are false?

A

1-7 are true and 8-10 are false

26
Q

which respiration movement is greater in the lower thoracic spine?

A

bucket handle which elevates the ribs and increases transverse diameter

27
Q

which respiration movement is greater in the upper thoracic spine?

A

pump handle, elevates the anterior rib cage and increases A-P diameter

28
Q

what is the main muscle in quite respiration?

A

the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are slight

29
Q

the QL fixes what in quiet respiration?

A

12th rib

30
Q

what muscles cause the most movement in forced expiration?

A

scalene, pec minor, serratus anterior, ilicostalis cervicis

31
Q

what muscles act the most in forced expiration?

A

abdominals, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus, and QL

32
Q

what are the segments in the thoracocervical junction?

A

C6-T3

33
Q

what is the significance of the thoracocervical junction?

A

related to the neruovascular structures of the upper extremities and difficult area to apply manipulative therapy

34
Q

where is the thoracolumbar junction?

A

T10-L1

35
Q

how does the facet plane change in the thoracolumbar area?

A

from coronal to sagittal

36
Q

what can be mistaken disorders in the thoracolumbar junction?

A

lumbosacral or SI regions

37
Q

what does HIPPIRONEL stand for?

A 
history
inspection
palpation
percussion
instrumentation
range of motion
orthopedic testing
neurological testing
examination
lab, x-ray, special test
38
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of OPQRST

A 
onset
palliative/provocative
quality
radiation/referred
site/severity
timing
39
Q

what is DABS and DOTS?

A 
discoloration
abrasions
blebs/blisters
scars
deformities
open wounds
tumors
swelling
40
Q

how many lobes of the lung on the right and left side?

A

right 3 and left 2

41
Q

what are the measurements that should be on a dual inclinometer?

A

F: 60
E: 25
LF: 35
ROT: 50

42
Q

what are the test for TOS?

A

adson’s, roo’s, eden’s, wright’s

43
Q

what is the deep tendon reflex for the biceps located?

A

C5/C6

44
Q

what is the deep tendon reflex for the brachioradilais?

A

C6

45
Q

what is the reflex for the triceps?

A

C7

46
Q

what does babinski’s sign test?

A

lower extremity

47
Q

what are the test for the upper extremity?

A

tromner’s and hoffman’s

48
Q

what is used to test grip strength?

A

dynamometer

49
Q

where can you take pulse readings?

A

radial and brachial

50
Q

what are the station and gait tests?

A

Romberg’s and tandem gait

51
Q

what are some absolute contraindications?

A 
acute fracture
malignancy
acute spine infection
rods or screws
decreased mental function
52
Q

describe PARTS

A 
Pain
Asymmetry
Range of motion
Tissue changes
Special tests
53
Q

how do we determine a subluxation using parts?

A

must have findings in 2 of the listed categories

Gross anatomy test 2 (5 decks)

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