Diversified II Midterm

Question 1

what are the typical vertebrae in the thoracic region?

Answer 1

T2 to T8

Question 2

describe the surfaces of a typical thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 2

anterior is convex and posterior is concave

Question 3

what are short in a thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 3

the pedicles and the laminae

Question 4

what are long in a thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 4

the spinous process

Question 5

which direction are the TVPs in relation to the sup. articular process?

Answer 5

behind

Question 6

articular facets lie at?

Answer 6

60 degrees to the transverse plane and 20 to the coronal plane

Question 7

what is the disc height to body height ratio?

Answer 7

1:5 which doesn’t allow for flexibility

Question 8

what is the anterior TVP called?

Answer 8

costotransverse joint

Question 9

which are the atypical vertebrae in the thoracic?

Answer 9

T1 and T9-T12

Question 10

which thoracic vertebrae has a whole facet?

Answer 10

T1

Question 11

which thoracic vertebrae have the characteristics of a lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 11

T11 and below

Question 12

what type of curve does the thoracic spine have?

Answer 12

kyphotic

Question 13

what is the average measurement of the thoracic spine?

Answer 13

45 degrees, accepted is 20-50 degrees

Question 14

where is the apex of the thoracic curve?

Answer 14

T6-T7

Question 15

what is juvenile kyphosis called?

Answer 15

scheuermann disease

Question 16

what is the most restricted ROM in the thoracic?

Answer 16

flexion and extension

Question 17

what is the coupled motion with lateral flexion in the thoracic?

Answer 17

rotation

Question 18

which muscles cause concentric and eccentric flexion of the thoracic?

Answer 18

rectus abdominis is concentric and erector spine is eccentric

Question 19

what can flexion be limited by?

Answer 19

ligamentum flavum, PLL, posterior IVD, elastic limits of tissue

Question 20

what muscles cause eccentric extension in the thoracic?

Answer 20

rectus abdominis, erector spinae causes concentric

Question 21

what is extension limited by>

Answer 21

ALL, anterior IVD, elastic limits of tissue

Question 22

what causes concentric and eccentric action lateral flexion in the thoracic?

Answer 22

concentric: ipsilateral ES and QL
eccentric: contralateral ES and QL

Question 23

what are the characteristics cs of costovertebral joints?

Answer 23

rib heads connect to vertebral body

contain a capsular ligament and a radiate ligament

Question 24

what is similar is a costotransverse and costovertebrae joint?

Answer 24

they are both synovial

Question 25

which ribs are considered true and which are false?

Answer 25

1-7 are true and 8-10 are false

Question 26

which respiration movement is greater in the lower thoracic spine?

Answer 26

bucket handle which elevates the ribs and increases transverse diameter

Question 27

which respiration movement is greater in the upper thoracic spine?

Answer 27

pump handle, elevates the anterior rib cage and increases A-P diameter

Question 28

what is the main muscle in quite respiration?

Answer 28

the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are slight

Question 29

the QL fixes what in quiet respiration?

Answer 29

12th rib

Question 30

what muscles cause the most movement in forced expiration?

Answer 30

scalene, pec minor, serratus anterior, ilicostalis cervicis

Question 31

what muscles act the most in forced expiration?

Answer 31

abdominals, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus, and QL

Question 32

what are the segments in the thoracocervical junction?

Answer 32

C6-T3

Question 33

what is the significance of the thoracocervical junction?

Answer 33

related to the neruovascular structures of the upper extremities and difficult area to apply manipulative therapy

Question 34

where is the thoracolumbar junction?

Answer 34

T10-L1

Question 35

how does the facet plane change in the thoracolumbar area?

Answer 35

from coronal to sagittal

Question 36

what can be mistaken disorders in the thoracolumbar junction?

Answer 36

lumbosacral or SI regions

Question 37

what does HIPPIRONEL stand for?

Answer 37

``` history inspection palpation percussion instrumentation range of motion orthopedic testing neurological testing examination lab, x-ray, special test ```

Question 38

what are the signs and symptoms of OPQRST

Answer 38

``` onset palliative/provocative quality radiation/referred site/severity timing ```

Question 39

what is DABS and DOTS?

Answer 39

``` discoloration abrasions blebs/blisters scars deformities open wounds tumors swelling ```

Question 40

how many lobes of the lung on the right and left side?

Answer 40

right 3 and left 2

Question 41

what are the measurements that should be on a dual inclinometer?

Answer 41

F: 60 E: 25 LF: 35 ROT: 50

Question 42

what are the test for TOS?

Answer 42

adson's, roo's, eden's, wright's

Question 43

what is the deep tendon reflex for the biceps located?

Answer 43

C5/C6

Question 44

what is the deep tendon reflex for the brachioradilais?

Answer 44

C6

Question 45

what is the reflex for the triceps?

Answer 45

C7

Question 46

what does babinski's sign test?

Answer 46

lower extremity

Question 47

what are the test for the upper extremity?

Answer 47

tromner's and hoffman's

Question 48

what is used to test grip strength?

Answer 48

dynamometer

Question 49

where can you take pulse readings?

Answer 49

radial and brachial

Question 50

what are the station and gait tests?

Answer 50

Romberg's and tandem gait

Question 51

what are some absolute contraindications?

Answer 51

``` acute fracture malignancy acute spine infection rods or screws decreased mental function ```

Question 52

describe PARTS

Answer 52

``` Pain Asymmetry Range of motion Tissue changes Special tests ```

Question 53

how do we determine a subluxation using parts?

Answer 53

must have findings in 2 of the listed categories