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Gross anatomy test 2 > ab wall and inguinal canal > Flashcards

ab wall and inguinal canal Flashcards

1
Q

name the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep.

A 
skin
superficial fascia
investing fascia
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

describe the transtubercular plane.

A

it is at the level of L5 connect the tubercles of right and left iliac crest

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3
Q

which fascia is continuous with the fat over the rest of the body?

A

camper’s fascia which is superficial

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4
Q

what is the deep layer of the superficial fascia?

A

scarpa’s fascia

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5
Q

what does the scarpa’s layer blend with?

A

the fascia lata of the thigh

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6
Q

how many regions of the anterior abdominal wall do we have?

A

9

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7
Q

What connects the costal margins at the level of C3?

A

subcostal plane

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8
Q

which layer of fat maybe extremely thick?

A

camper’s fascia which is part of the superficial layer

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9
Q

which layer is continuous with the fascia of the penis or clitoris?

A

scarpa’s

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10
Q

if I damage the spongy urethra and blood enters the superficial perineal space, will it enter the thighs?

A

not inferiorly because of the scarpa’s fascia connected to the fascia late

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11
Q

where will you see extravasation of urine and blood with a urethral laceration?

A

skin of the scrotum and anterior abdominal wall but not the upper thigh

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12
Q

what are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

3 broad muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominis

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13
Q

what muscle is absent in the lower part of the recuts abdominis?

A

pyramidalis

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14
Q

what 3 flat muscles pass medially and form the rectus sheath?

A

anteriorly: external oblique, internal oblique
posteriorly: transverse abdominins, internal oblique

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15
Q

what does the falciform ligament a remanent of?

A

round ligament

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16
Q

what is the purpose of the falciform ligament?

A

to hold the liver in place and provide stabilization

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17
Q

the external oblique has fibers that become continuous with?

A

aponeurosis that insert into the xiphoid process, lines alba, pubic bone

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18
Q

what is another name for the inguinal ligament?

A

poupart’s ligament

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19
Q

which ligament folds back onto itself forming a trough?

A

inguinal ligament

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20
Q

the inguinal ligament forms the boundary between?

A

abdomen and the thigh

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21
Q

where is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

in the external oblique superior to the pubic tubercle

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22
Q

which abdominal muscle is located deep to the external oblique?

A

internal oblique

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23
Q

does the internal oblique contact the inguinal Canal?

A

yes, the lower boarder arches over the contents

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24
Q

name the abdominal muscles superficial to deep?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominis

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25
Q

what joins to form the falx inguinalis?

A

the internal oblique and the transverses abdominins

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26
Q

where does the falx inguinalis attach?

A

inferiorly to the pubic bone

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27
Q

what separates the recuts abdominis muscle?

A

linea alba

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28
Q

where does the rectus abdominis originate?

A

the pubic symphysis and pubic crest

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29
Q

how many segments is the rectus abdominis?

A

3
superior tendinous inferior to the xiphoid process
inferior at the level of the umbilicus
middle is halfway between the two

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30
Q

what muscles can be found within the rectus sheath?

A

pyramidalis

rectus abdominis

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31
Q

describe the contents of the rectus sheath.

A 
rectus abdominins
pyramidalis
terminal parts of lower 5 intercostal nerve
subcostal nerve
superior and inferior epigastric vessels
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32
Q

in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath the anterior lamina joins what?

A

aponeurosis of the transverses abdominis to form the posterior wall of rectus sheath

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33
Q

in the lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath, will you find a posterior aponeurotic wall?

A

no, rectus abdominis muscle is directly related posteriorly to transversals fascia

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34
Q

what is the superior boundary of the abdomen?

A

the diaphragm and fifth intercostal space

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35
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the abdomen?

A

the lumbar vertebrae and QL

36
Q

where can you find the inguinal ligament?

A

extended between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

37
Q

what does the superficial inguinal ring transmit?

A

spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females

38
Q

what structures make up the superficial inguinal ring?

A

lateral and medial crus, intercrural fibers separate the two

39
Q

which muscles are involved in flexion and rotation of the trunk?

A

obliques

40
Q

which muscles flexes the trunk?

A

rectus abdominis

41
Q

what action does the transverses abdominis contribute to?

A

maintaining and increasing intra abdominal pressure

42
Q

what contracts with the diaphragm to increase abdominal pressure?

A

transversus abdominins and the glottis of the larynx closes

43
Q

what are the superficial and deep surfaces of flat abdominal muscles covered by?

A

investing fascia

44
Q

transversalis fascia covers what?

A

deep surface of transversus abdominis

45
Q

transversalis fascia is continuous with?

A

fascia that lines the inner surface of the abdominal walls

46
Q

what fascia is located between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum?

A

extraperitoneal fascia

47
Q

describe the parietal peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the anterolateral abdominal wall

48
Q

which nerves run through the anterolateral wall?

A

T7-T11 (intercostal nerves)
T12 (subcostal nerve)
L1 ( iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve)

49
Q

what muscles do the anterolateral nerves run through?

A

internal oblique and transverses abdominis

50
Q

what nerve pierces the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

7th-11th intercostal nerves to supply rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

51
Q

where does the 7th and 11th intercostal nerves terminate?

A

piercing anterior wall of rectus sheath to supply skin of anterior abdominal wall

52
Q

do the iliohypogastric and iliinguinal nerves enter the rectus sheath?

A

no, pierce internal oblique and run between the external oblique and its aponeurosis

53
Q

where does the terminal part of the ilihypogastric nerve pierce?

A

external oblique above the superficial inguinal ring

supplies suprapubic skin

54
Q

where does the terminal part of the iliinguinal nerve go?

A

emerges through superficial inguinal ring to supply skin superomedial thigh and external genitalia

55
Q

describe the dermatomes of T7, T10, L1

A

T7: inferior to the tip of the xiphoid process
T10: level of the umbilicus
L1: level of the pubic symphysis

56
Q

what is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery?

A

superior epigastric artery

57
Q

what does the superior epigastric artery supply?

A

within the rectus sheath, supplies upper central part of anterior abdominal wall to join with the inferior epigastric artery

58
Q

where does the inferior epigastric artery come from?

A

distal part of the external iliac artery to enter the rectus sheath anterior to the arcuate line posterior to the rectus abdominis

59
Q

what does the inferior epigastric artery supply?

A

lower central part of the anterior abdominal wall to join with the superior epigastric artery

60
Q

which arteries come for the distal part oft eh external iliac artery?

A

inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac artery

61
Q

what does deep circumflex artery supply?

A

lower lateral part of the anterior abdominal wall

62
Q

what also supplies the lateral and anterior abdominal wall?

A

lower 2 posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries

63
Q

what arteries are branches of the femoral artery?

A

superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries

64
Q

what does the musculophrenic artery supply?

A

ab wall inferior to the costal margin

65
Q

where does the superficial veins come from

A

radiates out from umbilicus, drains superiorly into axaxiallary vein and inferiorly into femoral vein

66
Q

what drains the superior epigastric and musculophrenic veins?

A

internal thoracic vein

67
Q

what drains the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex veins?

A

external thoracic vein

68
Q

what drains the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins?

A

azygos (right) or hemiazygous (left)

69
Q

what drains the lumbar veins?

A

inferior vena cava

70
Q

where does lymph above the level of the umbilicus drain?

A

anterior axillary lymph nodes

71
Q

where does lymph below the level of the umbilicus drain?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

72
Q

where do you find deep lymph vessels?

A

internal thoracic (parasternal), external iliac, posterior mediastinal and lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes

73
Q

what nerve passes through the inguinal canal?

A

L1 (ilioinguinal)

74
Q

what are the openings of the inguinal canal?

A

deep inguinal ring, superficial inguinal ring

75
Q

which ring is the opening in the transversalis fascia?

A

deep inguinal ring

76
Q

which ring is the opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique?

A

superficial inguinal ring

77
Q

what passes medial and deep to the deep inguinal ring?

A

inferior epigastric vessels

78
Q

Describe the walls of the inguinal canal

A

A: aponeurosis of ext. obl.
P: transversalis fascia
I: inguinal ligament
S: fibers of int. obl. and transversus abdominis

79
Q

what are the 3 parts of the abdominal hernia?

A

sac, contents of the sac, coverings of the sac

80
Q

what does the sac contain?

A

pouch of parietal peritoneum that has a neck and a body

81
Q

where do most hernias occur?

A

inguinal region more in males than females

82
Q

which hernia is more common direct or indirect?

A

indirect

83
Q

where does the sac go in a indirect hernia?

A

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels through deep inguinal ring

84
Q

describe hesselbach’s triangle

A

Inferior: inguinal ligament
Medial: rectus abdominins
Lateral: inferior epigastric vessels

85
Q

in a direct hernia which way does the sac go?

A

abdominal cavity medial and inferior to epigastric vessels through posterior wall of the inguinal canal

Gross anatomy test 2 (5 decks)

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