ab wall and inguinal canal

Question 1

name the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep.

Answer 1

skin
superficial fascia
investing fascia
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum

Question 2

describe the transtubercular plane.

Answer 2

it is at the level of L5 connect the tubercles of right and left iliac crest

Question 3

which fascia is continuous with the fat over the rest of the body?

Answer 3

camper’s fascia which is superficial

Question 4

what is the deep layer of the superficial fascia?

Answer 4

scarpa’s fascia

Question 5

what does the scarpa’s layer blend with?

Answer 5

the fascia lata of the thigh

Question 6

how many regions of the anterior abdominal wall do we have?

Answer 6

9

Question 7

What connects the costal margins at the level of C3?

Answer 7

subcostal plane

Question 8

which layer of fat maybe extremely thick?

Answer 8

camper’s fascia which is part of the superficial layer

Question 9

which layer is continuous with the fascia of the penis or clitoris?

Answer 9

scarpa’s

Question 10

if I damage the spongy urethra and blood enters the superficial perineal space, will it enter the thighs?

Answer 10

not inferiorly because of the scarpa’s fascia connected to the fascia late

Question 11

where will you see extravasation of urine and blood with a urethral laceration?

Answer 11

skin of the scrotum and anterior abdominal wall but not the upper thigh

Question 12

what are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 12

3 broad muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominis

Question 13

what muscle is absent in the lower part of the recuts abdominis?

Answer 13

pyramidalis

Question 14

what 3 flat muscles pass medially and form the rectus sheath?

Answer 14

anteriorly: external oblique, internal oblique
posteriorly: transverse abdominins, internal oblique

Question 15

what does the falciform ligament a remanent of?

Answer 15

round ligament

Question 16

what is the purpose of the falciform ligament?

Answer 16

to hold the liver in place and provide stabilization

Question 17

the external oblique has fibers that become continuous with?

Answer 17

aponeurosis that insert into the xiphoid process, lines alba, pubic bone

Question 18

what is another name for the inguinal ligament?

Answer 18

poupart’s ligament

Question 19

which ligament folds back onto itself forming a trough?

Answer 19

inguinal ligament

Question 20

the inguinal ligament forms the boundary between?

Answer 20

abdomen and the thigh

Question 21

where is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 21

in the external oblique superior to the pubic tubercle

Question 22

which abdominal muscle is located deep to the external oblique?

Answer 22

internal oblique

Question 23

does the internal oblique contact the inguinal Canal?

Answer 23

yes, the lower boarder arches over the contents

Question 24

name the abdominal muscles superficial to deep?

Answer 24

external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominis

Question 25

what joins to form the falx inguinalis?

Answer 25

the internal oblique and the transverses abdominins

Question 26

where does the falx inguinalis attach?

Answer 26

inferiorly to the pubic bone

Question 27

what separates the recuts abdominis muscle?

Answer 27

linea alba

Question 28

where does the rectus abdominis originate?

Answer 28

the pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Question 29

how many segments is the rectus abdominis?

Answer 29

3 superior tendinous inferior to the xiphoid process inferior at the level of the umbilicus middle is halfway between the two

Question 30

what muscles can be found within the rectus sheath?

Answer 30

pyramidalis | rectus abdominis

Question 31

describe the contents of the rectus sheath.

Answer 31

``` rectus abdominins pyramidalis terminal parts of lower 5 intercostal nerve subcostal nerve superior and inferior epigastric vessels ```

Question 32

in the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath the anterior lamina joins what?

Answer 32

aponeurosis of the transverses abdominis to form the posterior wall of rectus sheath

Question 33

in the lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath, will you find a posterior aponeurotic wall?

Answer 33

no, rectus abdominis muscle is directly related posteriorly to transversals fascia

Question 34

what is the superior boundary of the abdomen?

Answer 34

the diaphragm and fifth intercostal space

Question 35

what is the posterior boundary of the abdomen?

Answer 35

the lumbar vertebrae and QL

Question 36

where can you find the inguinal ligament?

Answer 36

extended between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 37

what does the superficial inguinal ring transmit?

Answer 37

spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females

Question 38

what structures make up the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 38

lateral and medial crus, intercrural fibers separate the two

Question 39

which muscles are involved in flexion and rotation of the trunk?

Answer 39

obliques

Question 40

which muscles flexes the trunk?

Answer 40

rectus abdominis

Question 41

what action does the transverses abdominis contribute to?

Answer 41

maintaining and increasing intra abdominal pressure

Question 42

what contracts with the diaphragm to increase abdominal pressure?

Answer 42

transversus abdominins and the glottis of the larynx closes

Question 43

what are the superficial and deep surfaces of flat abdominal muscles covered by?

Answer 43

investing fascia

Question 44

transversalis fascia covers what?

Answer 44

deep surface of transversus abdominis

Question 45

transversalis fascia is continuous with?

Answer 45

fascia that lines the inner surface of the abdominal walls

Question 46

what fascia is located between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum?

Answer 46

extraperitoneal fascia

Question 47

describe the parietal peritoneum

Answer 47

serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 48

which nerves run through the anterolateral wall?

Answer 48

T7-T11 (intercostal nerves) T12 (subcostal nerve) L1 ( iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve)

Question 49

what muscles do the anterolateral nerves run through?

Answer 49

internal oblique and transverses abdominis

Question 50

what nerve pierces the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

Answer 50

7th-11th intercostal nerves to supply rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

Question 51

where does the 7th and 11th intercostal nerves terminate?

Answer 51

piercing anterior wall of rectus sheath to supply skin of anterior abdominal wall

Question 52

do the iliohypogastric and iliinguinal nerves enter the rectus sheath?

Answer 52

no, pierce internal oblique and run between the external oblique and its aponeurosis

Question 53

where does the terminal part of the ilihypogastric nerve pierce?

Answer 53

external oblique above the superficial inguinal ring | supplies suprapubic skin

Question 54

where does the terminal part of the iliinguinal nerve go?

Answer 54

emerges through superficial inguinal ring to supply skin superomedial thigh and external genitalia

Question 55

describe the dermatomes of T7, T10, L1

Answer 55

T7: inferior to the tip of the xiphoid process T10: level of the umbilicus L1: level of the pubic symphysis

Question 56

what is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery?

Answer 56

superior epigastric artery

Question 57

what does the superior epigastric artery supply?

Answer 57

within the rectus sheath, supplies upper central part of anterior abdominal wall to join with the inferior epigastric artery

Question 58

where does the inferior epigastric artery come from?

Answer 58

distal part of the external iliac artery to enter the rectus sheath anterior to the arcuate line posterior to the rectus abdominis

Question 59

what does the inferior epigastric artery supply?

Answer 59

lower central part of the anterior abdominal wall to join with the superior epigastric artery

Question 60

which arteries come for the distal part oft eh external iliac artery?

Answer 60

inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 61

what does deep circumflex artery supply?

Answer 61

lower lateral part of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 62

what also supplies the lateral and anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 62

lower 2 posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries

Question 63

what arteries are branches of the femoral artery?

Answer 63

superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries

Question 64

what does the musculophrenic artery supply?

Answer 64

ab wall inferior to the costal margin

Question 65

where does the superficial veins come from

Answer 65

radiates out from umbilicus, drains superiorly into axaxiallary vein and inferiorly into femoral vein

Question 66

what drains the superior epigastric and musculophrenic veins?

Answer 66

internal thoracic vein

Question 67

what drains the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex veins?

Answer 67

external thoracic vein

Question 68

what drains the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins?

Answer 68

azygos (right) or hemiazygous (left)

Question 69

what drains the lumbar veins?

Answer 69

inferior vena cava

Question 70

where does lymph above the level of the umbilicus drain?

Answer 70

anterior axillary lymph nodes

Question 71

where does lymph below the level of the umbilicus drain?

Answer 71

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 72

where do you find deep lymph vessels?

Answer 72

internal thoracic (parasternal), external iliac, posterior mediastinal and lumbar (para-aortic) lymph nodes

Question 73

what nerve passes through the inguinal canal?

Answer 73

L1 (ilioinguinal)

Question 74

what are the openings of the inguinal canal?

Answer 74

deep inguinal ring, superficial inguinal ring

Question 75

which ring is the opening in the transversalis fascia?

Answer 75

deep inguinal ring

Question 76

which ring is the opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique?

Answer 76

superficial inguinal ring

Question 77

what passes medial and deep to the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 77

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 78

Describe the walls of the inguinal canal

Answer 78

A: aponeurosis of ext. obl. P: transversalis fascia I: inguinal ligament S: fibers of int. obl. and transversus abdominis

Question 79

what are the 3 parts of the abdominal hernia?

Answer 79

sac, contents of the sac, coverings of the sac

Question 80

what does the sac contain?

Answer 80

pouch of parietal peritoneum that has a neck and a body

Question 81

where do most hernias occur?

Answer 81

inguinal region more in males than females

Question 82

which hernia is more common direct or indirect?

Answer 82

indirect

Question 83

where does the sac go in a indirect hernia?

Answer 83

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels through deep inguinal ring

Question 84

describe hesselbach's triangle

Answer 84

Inferior: inguinal ligament Medial: rectus abdominins Lateral: inferior epigastric vessels

Question 85

in a direct hernia which way does the sac go?

Answer 85

abdominal cavity medial and inferior to epigastric vessels through posterior wall of the inguinal canal