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Diving > Dive Leader Lectures > Flashcards

Dive Leader Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the DL course.

A 
12 theory lessons
7 open water
2 practical
Exam
20 dives in a range of conditions
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2
Q

What are the indicators of the need for BLS?

A

No response
No chest movement
No feel of air movement

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3
Q

Causes of DCI.

A

Inadequate elimination of nitrogen from body during ascent

Physical damage to alveoli due to overpressure leads to AGE

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4
Q

What does a PFO do?

A

Allows bubbles to pass from venous to arterial circulation

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5
Q

S&S DCI

A 
Denial 
Itches/ rashes
N&T
Visual disturbances 
Dizziness, headaches, confusion
N&V
Weakness/ paralysis 
SOB
Shock
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6
Q

DCI first aid?

A

Lie flat
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat for shock

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7
Q

Cause and types of burst lung?

A

Physical damage due to overextension due to overpressurisation
Pneumothorax or emphysema (bubbles between organs and tissues)
Usually accompanied by air embolism

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8
Q

S&S burst lung?

A

Chest pain
SOB
Changes to voice, crepitation
Shock

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9
Q

First aid for burst lung?

A

Lie down
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat shock

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10
Q

Near drowning cause and S&S?

A

Respiratory interruption due to inhalation of fluid

No breathing, cyanosis, weak or absent pulse

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11
Q

First aid for near drowning?

A

RB - oxygen enriched
Chest compressions
Recovery position

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12
Q

Definition and mechanisms of shock?

A

Inadequate circulation leading to tissue damage

Reduced blood volume due to bleeding, dilation of blood vessels, inadequate heart output, allergic reactions

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13
Q

S&S of shock?

A

Weakness, dizziness
Pallor, sweating
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing

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14
Q

First aid for shock?

A 
Treat cause 
TLC
Keep quiet 
Lay down with legs raised - unless ?DCI
Keep warm
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15
Q

Effect of CO poisoning?

A

CO combines with Hb 200 times more readily than O2

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16
Q

S&S of CO poisoning?

A 
Headache
Pale grey colour 
Weakness
Dizziness, nausea
Tunnel vision
Vomiting
Increase in RR and HR
Convulsions
17
Q

First aid for CO?

A

Lay down with legs raised

Give 100% O2

18
Q

Describe size, capacity, outlet and colour of O2 cylinder.

A

D size
370-540L (136-210 bar)
White shoulder - BS EN 1089-3
2 pin index holes, female outlet, no O ring - BS EN 850

19
Q

Describe the regulators for O2 cylinder.

A

4 bar outlet pressure
2 index pins with male inlet with sealing washer (Bodok seal)
Outlets w/ demand valve 100-160L/min
Secondary outlet 10L/min

20
Q

Describe the demand valve for O2.

A

Oro-nasal mask

160L/min

21
Q

Describe the resus valves.

A

100-160L/min on demand
Resus control limited to flow rate of 40L/min
Over pressure relief valves - set to 45cm of water

22
Q

Describe the reservoir mask.

A

aka Hudson/ non-rebreathing
For second DCI casualty
Flow 10-15L/min

23
Q

What will the majority of casualties present with and what do you treat with?

A

Breathing
Conscious
DCI
Demand valve and oro-nasal mask 100% O2

24
Q

Why may there be an initial worsening of symptoms when giving O2?

A

Initial reaction of brain to O2

Oxygen diffusing into bubbles

25
Q

When would you administer fluids and when would you not?

A

Counter dehydration
Still isotonic drinks best
Don’t give if casualty likely to vomit, inhale fluid or needs GA

26
Q

Describe entonox.

A

Oxygen and nitrous oxide
Never give to casualty suffering from DCI
Blue and white cylinder

27
Q

Describe a spring vs neap tide.

A

Spring: greatest tidal range - low LW, high HW
Neap: least tidal range

28
Q

Describe the compass rose.

A

Outer compass: aligns to true North and lines of longitude. Used for tidal flow info

Inner: aligns to magnetic North, gives variation. Used for navigation

29
Q

What force on Beaufort Scale affects diving comfort?

A

4 - Moderate breeze, Small waves with breaking crests

30
Q

How can we ensure incidents don’t happen?

A 
Sound training
Regular practice 
Progressive build up 
Buddy system 
Maintained equipment 
Properly organised diving
Constant monitoring of conditions
31
Q

How do you prepare a boat for a helicopter lift and which direction do you face the boat?

A 
Secure loose objects 
Remove obstructions 
Clear area
Wind 20' to 40' on port bow 
Wear facemasks
32
Q

What is a high line transfer and when would you use it?

A

Used where obstructions/ boat movement is a problem
Helicopter drops line, pulls to side and winchman goes down line at an angle
Take up slack but don’t pull winchman

33
Q

What is the HM Coroner and what is the equivalent in Scotland?

A 
Ascertain who has died, how, when and where 
Procurator Fiscal (Scotland)
34
Q

What is a simple shot?

A

Simple

Not easily made vertical, does not adjust for tidal rise/fall

35
Q

What is a top-tensioned shot?

A

Has a counterwight
Adjusts for tidal rise/ fall, provides near vertical line
Can give precise position of dive site
More complex, can become tangled, main part of line will move, not ideal in current or wind

36
Q

How do you construct a shot line - what is the thickness of line, length of line, and buoyancy of buoy needed? How heavy must weight/ counterweight be?

A

Thick enough to grip, no less than 15-20mm
Depth+ a couple of metres
Surplus line kept tidy at surface, set up as a trail line or coil
Buoy must be 50% more buoyant than hanging weight
Weight = 25kg
Counterweight = 5-10kg depending on conditions

37
Q

What shot line connections can we use?

A

Karabiners
Prusik knots
Rolling hitch

To shorten: karabiners, chain senneting, knotted sheepshank

38
Q

What size does a lifting bag need to be?

A

Controlled lift = equal or slightly less volume than weight

Buoyant lift = volume larger than weight

39
Q

What does a red followed by yellow SMB mean?

A

Gas required at deco stop

Diving (13 decks)

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