Dive Leader Lectures Flashcards
Describe the DL course.
12 theory lessons 7 open water 2 practical Exam 20 dives in a range of conditions
What are the indicators of the need for BLS?
No response
No chest movement
No feel of air movement
Causes of DCI.
Inadequate elimination of nitrogen from body during ascent
Physical damage to alveoli due to overpressure leads to AGE
What does a PFO do?
Allows bubbles to pass from venous to arterial circulation
S&S DCI
Denial Itches/ rashes N&T Visual disturbances Dizziness, headaches, confusion N&V Weakness/ paralysis SOB Shock
DCI first aid?
Lie flat
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat for shock
Cause and types of burst lung?
Physical damage due to overextension due to overpressurisation
Pneumothorax or emphysema (bubbles between organs and tissues)
Usually accompanied by air embolism
S&S burst lung?
Chest pain
SOB
Changes to voice, crepitation
Shock
First aid for burst lung?
Lie down
Keep quiet
Give oxygen
Treat shock
Near drowning cause and S&S?
Respiratory interruption due to inhalation of fluid
No breathing, cyanosis, weak or absent pulse
First aid for near drowning?
RB - oxygen enriched
Chest compressions
Recovery position
Definition and mechanisms of shock?
Inadequate circulation leading to tissue damage
Reduced blood volume due to bleeding, dilation of blood vessels, inadequate heart output, allergic reactions
S&S of shock?
Weakness, dizziness
Pallor, sweating
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing
First aid for shock?
Treat cause TLC Keep quiet Lay down with legs raised - unless ?DCI Keep warm
Effect of CO poisoning?
CO combines with Hb 200 times more readily than O2
S&S of CO poisoning?
Headache Pale grey colour Weakness Dizziness, nausea Tunnel vision Vomiting Increase in RR and HR Convulsions
First aid for CO?
Lay down with legs raised
Give 100% O2
Describe size, capacity, outlet and colour of O2 cylinder.
D size
370-540L (136-210 bar)
White shoulder - BS EN 1089-3
2 pin index holes, female outlet, no O ring - BS EN 850
Describe the regulators for O2 cylinder.
4 bar outlet pressure
2 index pins with male inlet with sealing washer (Bodok seal)
Outlets w/ demand valve 100-160L/min
Secondary outlet 10L/min
Describe the demand valve for O2.
Oro-nasal mask
160L/min
Describe the resus valves.
100-160L/min on demand
Resus control limited to flow rate of 40L/min
Over pressure relief valves - set to 45cm of water
Describe the reservoir mask.
aka Hudson/ non-rebreathing
For second DCI casualty
Flow 10-15L/min
What will the majority of casualties present with and what do you treat with?
Breathing
Conscious
DCI
Demand valve and oro-nasal mask 100% O2
Why may there be an initial worsening of symptoms when giving O2?
Initial reaction of brain to O2
Oxygen diffusing into bubbles
When would you administer fluids and when would you not?
Counter dehydration
Still isotonic drinks best
Don’t give if casualty likely to vomit, inhale fluid or needs GA
Describe entonox.
Oxygen and nitrous oxide
Never give to casualty suffering from DCI
Blue and white cylinder
Describe a spring vs neap tide.
Spring: greatest tidal range - low LW, high HW
Neap: least tidal range
Describe the compass rose.
Outer compass: aligns to true North and lines of longitude. Used for tidal flow info
Inner: aligns to magnetic North, gives variation. Used for navigation
What force on Beaufort Scale affects diving comfort?
4 - Moderate breeze, Small waves with breaking crests
How can we ensure incidents don’t happen?
Sound training Regular practice Progressive build up Buddy system Maintained equipment Properly organised diving Constant monitoring of conditions
How do you prepare a boat for a helicopter lift and which direction do you face the boat?
Secure loose objects Remove obstructions Clear area Wind 20' to 40' on port bow Wear facemasks
What is a high line transfer and when would you use it?
Used where obstructions/ boat movement is a problem
Helicopter drops line, pulls to side and winchman goes down line at an angle
Take up slack but don’t pull winchman
What is the HM Coroner and what is the equivalent in Scotland?
Ascertain who has died, how, when and where Procurator Fiscal (Scotland)
What is a simple shot?
Simple
Not easily made vertical, does not adjust for tidal rise/fall
What is a top-tensioned shot?
Has a counterwight
Adjusts for tidal rise/ fall, provides near vertical line
Can give precise position of dive site
More complex, can become tangled, main part of line will move, not ideal in current or wind
How do you construct a shot line - what is the thickness of line, length of line, and buoyancy of buoy needed? How heavy must weight/ counterweight be?
Thick enough to grip, no less than 15-20mm
Depth+ a couple of metres
Surplus line kept tidy at surface, set up as a trail line or coil
Buoy must be 50% more buoyant than hanging weight
Weight = 25kg
Counterweight = 5-10kg depending on conditions
What shot line connections can we use?
Karabiners
Prusik knots
Rolling hitch
To shorten: karabiners, chain senneting, knotted sheepshank
What size does a lifting bag need to be?
Controlled lift = equal or slightly less volume than weight
Buoyant lift = volume larger than weight
What does a red followed by yellow SMB mean?
Gas required at deco stop
