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Medicine Phase 2a GU > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Types

A

Thiazide
Loop
K+ sparing
Osmotic

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2
Q

Example of thiazide diuretic

A

Bendroflumethiazide

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Blocks Na+/Cl- ion symporter (co-transporter) in the distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Uses of thiazide diuretics

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
Ascites

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5
Q

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

HypOnatraemia
HypOkalaemia

HypERcalcaemia
HypERglycaemia
HypERlipidaemia
HypERuricaemia

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6
Q

Contraindications of thiazide diuretics

A

Gout
Liver failure
Renal failure
May worsen diabetes

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7
Q

Drug interactions of thiazide diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia may increase the risk of DIGOXIN TOXICITY

Decreased lithium excretion

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8
Q

Example of Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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9
Q

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

A

Blocks Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the ascending loop of Henle

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10
Q

Uses of loop diuretics

A 
Heart failure (symptomatic treatment of oedema)
Severe hypercalcaemia
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11
Q

What complication of heart failure is treated by loop diuretics

A

Oedema

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12
Q

Side effects of loop diuretics

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Ototoxicity

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13
Q

Contra-indications of loop diuretics

A

Renal failure

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14
Q

Drug interactions of loop diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia may increase the risk of digoxin toxicity

Decreased lithium excretion

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15
Q

Example of K+ sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of K+ sparing diuretic

A

Aldosterone receptor anatagonist

collecting duct

17
Q

Uses of K+ sparing diuretic

A 
Heart failure (in combination with furosemide)
Oedema
Ascites
Refractory hypertension
Conn's syndrome
18
Q

Side-effects of K+ sparing diuretic

A

Hyperkalaemia

Gynaecomastia

19
Q

Contraindications of K+ sparing diuretic

A

Addison’s disease

Hyperkalaemia

20
Q

Drug interactions of K+ sparing diuretic

A

Decreased lithium excretion

21
Q

Example of osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

22
Q

Mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics

A

Increases plasma osmolarity

23
Q

Uses of osmotic diuretics

A

Cerebral oedema
Rhabdomyolysis
Haemolysis

24
Q

Side-effects of osmotic diuretics

A

Fever

Hyponatraemia

25
Q

Contra-indications of osmotic diuretics

A

Heart failure

26
Q

Drug interactions of osmotic diuretic

A

Increases levels of tobramycin

27
Q

Which diuretics can be given in HF and which are contra-indicated
Also give example of each type

A

Can be given in HF:
Thiazide e.g. Bendroflumethiazide
Loop e.g. Furosemide
K+ sparing e.g. Spironolactone (in combination with loop diuretic)

Contra-indicated:
Osmotic diuretic e.g. mannitol

Medicine Phase 2a GU (18 decks)

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