Chronic KI Flashcards
What is CKI
Well-established and irreversible renal damage
Renal function progressively worsens.
Without treatment, the patient will eventually develop end stage kidney disease
Causes
Any renal disease Glomerulonephritis Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Malignancy Anatomical abnormality of renal tract Hereditary disease e.g. polycystic kidney disease
Signs and symptoms
PAVAN IS FUCK HOMO: Polyuria Anuria Vomiting Anaemia Nausea Itchy skin Skin pigmentation Fatigue Unintentional weight loss Confusion Kaussmaul breathing (metabolic acidosis) Hypertension Oedema (peripheral and pulmonary) Metallic taste in mouth Oliguria
Signs and symptoms of anaemia
Symptoms:
Fatigue, Lethargy, Dyspnoea, Palpitations, Headache
Signs:
Pale skin, Pale mucous membranes, Tachycardia
What is meant by Anuria and Oliguria
Anuria = kidneys fail to produce urine Oliguria = urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr
Investigations
GFR Bloods Urinalysis Ultrasound scan (imaging) Renal biopsy
Blood investigations for Chronic Kidney disease
FBC U/Es Creatinine Calcium and Phosphate levels ESR CRP Immunology Virology
Urinalysis investigations of Chronic Kidney disease
Blood Protein Glucose Leucocytes Nitrites Bence Jones proteinuria (multiple myeloma)
Conservative treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Smoking cessation
Low salt diet
Maintain psychological wellbeing
Medical treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat underlying cause and complications Control blood pressure Treat anaemia Treat acidosis (with sodium bicarbonate) Treat hyperphosphataemia (with phosphate binders)
Surgical treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Dialysis (haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)
Renal transplantation
Complications of Chronic Kidney disease
Anaemia Hypertension Renal bone disease Metabolic acidosis Stroke Peripheral nerve damage Carpal tunnel syndrome Oedematous states Depression
