Diuretics

Question 1

What are the osmotic diuretics

Answer 1

Glycerin
Urea
Mannitol
Isosorbide

Question 2

How is Mannitol given

Answer 2

Injection (oral is not absorbed)

Question 3

What is mannitol used for

Answer 3

Localized edema

Question 4

Where do osmotic diuretics act upon

Answer 4

Ascending loop of henle

Proximal tubule

Question 5

How is mannitol excreted

Answer 5

Rapidly by the kidney

Question 6

Why is mannitol not given orally

Answer 6

Very hydrophilic

Not metabolized

Question 7

Osmotic Diuretics are used for

Answer 7

Cerebral edema
Glaucoma
Acute renal failure
Drug overdose

Question 8

Osmotic Diuretics interfere with the excretion of

Answer 8

Na, Ca, K, Mg, Cl, HCO2, Phosphate

Question 9

How do Loop Diuretics work

Answer 9

Inhibit Na-K 2Cl symporter at luminal membrane

Inhibits paracellular reabsorption of Na, Ca, Mg

Question 10

What can Loop Diuretics cause

Answer 10

Hypokalemia
Alkalosis
Increase glucose
Ototoxicity
Hypotension

Question 11

What are loop diuretics used for

Answer 11

Acute pulmonary edema/congestion
Gen. edema w/ CHF
Chronic renal failure
Liver cirrhosis
Drug overdose

Question 12

How is furosemide given

Answer 12

Oral or IV

Question 13

What is the onset and duration of furosemide

Answer 13

Rapid onset

Short duration

Question 14

Furosemide is used for what in horses

Answer 14

EIPH - Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Question 15

What are the Loop Diuretics

Answer 15

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid

Question 16

Where do Thiazide Diuretics work

Answer 16

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 17

How do Thiazide Diuretics work

Answer 17

Inhibit Na-Cl symporter –> inhibits reabsorption, causes diuresis

Question 18

Thiazide diuretics decrease reabsorption of

Answer 18

K and Mg

Question 19

Thiazide diuretics increase reabsorption of

Answer 19

Ca

Question 20

Thiazide diuretics are used to treat what

Answer 20

CHF edema, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerular nephritis
Hypertension
Nephrogenic DI

Question 21

How are thiazide drugs given and how is there absorption

Answer 21

orally

Slow and incomplete absorption

Question 22

Thiazide drugs are excreted by

Answer 22

Kidneys

Urine

Question 23

Where do Potassium Sparing Diuretics act

Answer 23

Late distal tubule

Question 24

What is the major potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 24

Spironolactone

Question 25

How is Spironolactone given and how is its absorption

Answer 25

Orally

Readily absorbed

Question 26

How does Spironolactone work

Answer 26

Competitive antagonist of aldosterone –> decreases Na and increases K, decrease water retention

Question 27

Is Spironolactone metabolized

Answer 27

Yes - converted to active metabolite in the liver

Question 28

What is the onset and duration for Spironolactone

Answer 28

Slow onset

Long duration

Question 29

Adverse effects of Spironolactone

Answer 29

Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
Progesterone and androgen levels

Question 30

What is Spironolactone used for

Answer 30

Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism