Diuretics Flashcards
Uses of Diuretics
Mobilize fluid
Excrete fluid
Excrete electrolytes
Example of CAI
Acetazolamide
Where does CAI act
proximal tubule
Luminal side
Therapeutic uses - CAI
Glaucoma
Mountain sickness
Urinary alkinization
ADR for CAI
Metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Drowsiness
Hypersensitivity (sulfa drugs)
Main thiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Related diuretics
Chlorthalidone
Indapamide
Metolazone
MOA - thiazides
Inhibition of luminal NaCl cotransport in distal tubule
decreases sodium reabsorption
Therapeutic uses - Thiazides
Hypertension
Nephrogenic DI
Which diuretics are effective even at low GFR rates?
Metolazone
Indapamide
ADR - Thiazides
Hypokalemia - digitaliz interaction
Hypersensitivity - suflonamide
Loop diuretics that are sulfonamide
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Which loop diuretic can you use if sensitive to sulfonamide?
Ethacrynic Acid
MOA - loop diuretic
Inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport in ascending limb of loop of Henle
Most efficacious diuretic
Loop diuretic
loop diuretic - therpeutic uses
Acute pulmonary edema
Edema
Hypertension
Hypercalcemia
ADR - Loop diuretic
Hypovolemia
Ototoxicity
Hyperlipidemia is an ADR in which two drugs
Thiazides
loop diuretics
Competitive antagonist at renal aldosterone receptors
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Absence of aldosterone can affect spironolactone and eplerenone in what way
makes them ineffective
Therapeutic use for spironolactone
hepatic cirrhosis
prevent hypokalemia with K+ depleting diuretics
Therapeutic use for eplerenone
Hypertension, CHF post MI
ADR for ARA
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
What are two sodium channel blockers
Triamterene
Amiloride
Use for Triamterene/Amiloride
preven hypokalemia of potassium depleting diuretics
Toxicity - Triamterene/Amiloride
Hyperkalemia
Main Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol
What are other osmotic diuretic
Glycerol
Isosorbide
Urea
ADR - osmotic diuretics
inc ECF volume
alter sodium and potassium blood levels
Best for potassium excretion
CAI
Best for urine volume, and sodium, potassium, calcium excretion
Loops
No effect on Calcium excretion
Thiazides