Diuretics 4

Question 1

what are the 2 names of the thiadiazides?

Answer 1

1. hydrochlorothiazide

2. dihydrochlorothiazide

Question 2

what are the 2 names of the thiazide-like drugs?

Answer 2

1. indapamide

2. metolazone

Question 3

what is the main clinical use of the thiazides?

Answer 3

to control HTN

Question 4

what are the other clinical usage of the thiazides?

Answer 4

1. chronic edema due to cardiac insufficiency
2. idiopathic hypercalciuria
3. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-lithium therapy

Question 5

what are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 5

1. hypokalemia-diabetes
2. hyponatremia
3. contraction alkalosis
4. hyperuricemia
5. increased BUN and serum creatinine
6. hypercalcemia

Question 6

what are the 2 types of potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 6

1. antagonist of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone dependent)

2. inhibitors of epithelial sodium channels (aldosterone independent)

Question 7

what is the K+ sparing agent that is antagonist of mineralocorticoids?

Answer 7

spironolactone

Question 8

what the names of the 2 inhibitors of epithelial sodium channels?

Answer 8

1. triamterene

2. amiloride

Question 9

what is the main clinical use of K+ sparing diuretics?

Answer 9

combination with loop or thiazide diuretics to minimize potassium depletion while controlling HTN

Question 10

what are the other clinical use of K+ sparing diuretics?

Answer 10

1. edema due to CHF, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome
2. primary and secondary aldosteronism
3. idiopathic hypercalciuria
4. lithium induced polyuria

Question 11

what are the side effects of K+ sparing diuretics?

Answer 11

1. hyperkalemia

2. gender-specific effects of androgen receptor antagonism by spironolactone

Question 12

what factors determine the diuretic activity?

Answer 12

1. plasma conc
2. renal blood flow
3. GFR
4. Tubular secretion
5. Tubular fluid conc

Question 13

K+ sparing diuretics is used for patients with renal dz such as

Answer 13

1. renal failure

2. nephrotic syndrome