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Pharm > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide

A

acts on proximal tubule

MOA
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor–>NaHCO3
-diuresis and decrease total body HCO3
stores

Indications

1) Glaucoma
2) Urinary alkalinization
3) Metabolic alkalosis
4) Altitude sickness
5) Epilepsy

Toxicity

1) Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
2) Paresthesias
3) NH3 toxicity
4) Sulfa allergy

“Acid”azolamide causes “acidosis”

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2
Q

Mannitol

A

acts on the proximal tubule

MOA
Osmotic diuretic. ↑tubular fluid osmolarity → ↑urine→ ↑intracranial + intraocular pressure

Indications

1) Drug overdose
2) ↑ IC/intraocular pressure

Toxicity

1) Pulmonary edema
2) Dehydration

*contraindicated in CHF and anuria

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3
Q

Furosemide

A
  • acts on thick ascending loop of henle
  • sulfonamide

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
  • also increased excretion of calcium

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)

**contraindicated in patient with Sulfa allergy

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4
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

-acts on thick ascending loop of henle

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
  • also increased excretion of calcium

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)

*used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

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5
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

-

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6
Q

Spronolactone

A

-

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7
Q

Elperenone

A

-

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8
Q

Triamterene

A

-

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9
Q

Amiloride

A

-

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10
Q

Furosemide

A
  • acts on thick ascending loop of henle
  • sulfonamide

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
    - blocks concentration of urine
  • stimulates PGE release
    - vasodilates afferent arteriole
  • also increased excretion of calcium
    • “loops lose calcium”

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)

**contraindicated in patient with Sulfa allergy

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11
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

-acts on thick ascending loop of henle

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
    - blocks concentration of urine
  • stimulates PGE release
    - vasodilates afferent arteriole
  • also increased excretion of calcium
    • “loops lose calcium”

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)

*used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

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12
Q

Furosemide

A
  • acts on thick ascending loop of henle
  • sulfonamide

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
    - blocks concentration of urine
  • stimulates PGE release
    - vasodilates afferent arteriole
  • also increased excretion of calcium
    • “loops lose calcium”

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)
6) Gout

**contraindicated in patient with Sulfa allergy

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13
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

-acts on thick ascending loop of henle

MOA

  • blocks Na/K/2Cl cotransport
    - blocks concentration of urine
  • stimulates PGE release
    - vasodilates afferent arteriole
  • also increased excretion of calcium
    • “loops lose calcium”

Indications

  • HTN
  • hypercalcemia
  • edematous state

Toxicity

1) Ototoxicity
2) Hypokalemia
3) Dehydration
4) Allergy (sulfa)
5) Nephritis (interstitial)
6) Gout

*used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

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14
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

-acts on distal convoluted tubule

MOA
> ⊣ NaCl reabsorption → ↓ diluting capacity
> ↓Ca excretion (increase paracellular Ca absorption)

Indications

1) HTN/CHF
3) Idiopathic hypercalciuria
4) Nephrogenic DI
5) Osteoporosis

Toxicity

1) HypOkalemic metabolic alkalosis
2) HypOnatremia
3) Hyper - Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, Calcemia
4) Sulfa allergy

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15
Q

Spironolactone

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias
gynecomastia/antiandrogen effects

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16
Q

Elperenone

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias
gynecomastia/antiandrogen effects

17
Q

Elperenone

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias

*does not interact with androgen receptor! no gynecomastia

18
Q

Triamterene

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • blocks Na+ channels
    * **K+ sparing
19
Q

Elperenone

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias

*does not interact with androgen receptor! no gynecomastia

20
Q

Triamterene

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • blocks Na+ channels
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias

21
Q

Amiloride

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • blocks Na+ channels
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias

22
Q

Amiloride

A

-acts on collecting duct

MOA

  • blocks Na+ channels
    * **K+ sparing
Indications
1) Hyperaldosteronism
Liddle’s Syndrome
2) K+ depletion
3) CHF

Toxicity
Hyperkalemia—–>arrhythmias

23
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor

MOA
-prevents renin from activating the RAAS cascade

Indications

  • HTN
  • CHF

Pharm (9 decks)

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