anti virals Flashcards
Amantadine
MOA
Inhibit M2 protein (H + channel)
-no intra-viral acidification
-viral uncoating blocked
Indications
- Influenza A
- Parkinsons
- Zoster
- Rubella
Zanamivir
viral neuraminidase inhibitor—> no release of new virions
Indications
-Influenza A & B
*inhaled—> can irritate the airway
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Viral neuraminidase inhibitor—> no release of new virions
Indications
-Influenza A & B
-oral
Ribavarin
competitive inhibitor of IMP-dehydrogenase—> decrease guanine synthesis
-phosphorylated inside cell to activate form
Indications
- RSV in peds
- Hepatitis C (w/ IFN-α)
Toxicity
- *severe teratogen
- hemolytic anemia
Trifluridine
guanosine analogue causing chain termination
-activated by thymidine kinase in infected cells only
Indications
-Herpes simples virus keratitis
Toxicity
-visual disturbances (burning and edema)
Acyclovir
guanosine analogue causing chain termination
-activated by thymidine kinase in infected cells only
Indications
- herpes simplex virus
- mucocutaneous
- keratitis
- prophylaxis
- genital
- varicella/zoster
-resistance formed when used alone
Ganciclovir
5-monophosphate guanosine analogue—> activated by viral kinase—> inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
Indications
-CMV retinitis in AIDS
- **use gloves when handling!!!
- carcinogen
- teratogen
- bone marrow suppression
- granulocytopenia
- thrombocytopenia
Foscarnet
5-monophosphate guanosine analogue
- does not need to be activated by viral kinase
- inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Indications -CMV retinitis in AIDS patient -acyclovir resistant HSV Toxicity -Renal toxicity
Interferon-α
Induces enzymes and protease that decreases production of viral proteins
Indications
- Hep B
- Hep C
- cutaneous warts
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Hairy cell leukemia
- Melanoma
- Renal carcinoma
Toxicity
- Neutropenia
- myopathy
