Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (AM)

A

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

MOA

A

Inhibits CA at PCT –> less activity of Na/H antiporter, decreased Na, H2O, and HCO3 reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

Uses

A

Glaucoma (dec IOP and vol by dec aqueous humor production in ciliary body);

Mountain Sickness (prevention & Tx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

Impt SE

A

Inc K+ excretion

Metabolic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

Other SE

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

BM depression

Skin toxicity

Allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

SEs (PAACES)

A

P otassium low

A cidosis

A llergy

C onstipation (BM dec)

E ncephalopathy

S kin toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

Misc

A

Contraindicated in Cirrhotic pts

FeNa = 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aminophylline

Class

A

Bronchodilator (Methylxanthine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aminophylline MOA

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibition and enhanced signaling via inc cAMP and cGMP; Works at PCT; Dec Na, H2O, and HCO3 reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aminophylline Uses

A

Reduce inflammation and bronchospasm in moderate-severe asthma; night sxs; NOT as a diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aminophylline Impt SE

A

Larger doses: N/V CNS stimulation Seizures Tachycardia/Arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aminophylline Misc

A

FeNa = 5% Aminophylline = Theophylline + Ethyelenediamine (sol. agent); Metabolized by Liver; Cimetidine & Quinoline inc blood levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mannitol Class

A

Osmotic Diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mannitol MOA

A

Opposes Na and H2O reabsorption at PCT –> inc osmolarity of tubular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mannitol Uses

A

Inc drug clearance

Minimize renal failure (shock/surgery)

Dec IOP

Dec Intracranial pressure (Cerebral edema)

Dx Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mannitol Impt SE

A

Risk of Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mannitol Misc

A

FeNa = 5%;

Must give IV;

Other osmotic diuretics = glucose, urea, isorbide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the Loop Diuretics (FBT)

A

Furosemide

Bumetanide

Torsemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Loop Diuretics MOA

(Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide)

A

Inhibits Cl portion of Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in tALH –> dec K+, Ca++, and Na reabsorption –> Inc K+ loss

20
Q

Loop Diuretics Uses

(Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide)

A

Crisis edema (pulmonary, CHF, cirrhosis);

Hypercalcemia;

Drug toxicity/OD;

Severe HTN with CHF/Cirrhosis

21
Q

Loop Diuretics Impt SE

(Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide)

A

HYPOkalemia/calcemia/magnesia (–> arrhythmia);

Contraction alkalosis;

Inc Bun/Cr;

Ototoxicity (esp w/aminoglycoside)

22
Q

Loop Diuretics Other SE

(Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide)

A

HYPERglycemia/lipidemia/uricemia;

HYPOnatremia;

Gout;

Photosensitivity;

Nephrocalcinosis;

Drug interactions;

Erectile dysfunction

23
Q

Loop Diuretics SEs

(another way to remember)

A

HyperGlycemia

HyperLipidemia

HyperUricemia

HypOcalcemia

HypOkalemia

HypOnatremia

HypOmagnesia

24
Q

Loop Diuretics Misc

(Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide)

A

FeNa = 25%; eventually causes inc in PT reasborption; decreases (+) and (-) free water clearance; dec cortex-medulla molarity gradient; avoid NSAIDs; take before salty meals; reduce salt intake; useful in Renal insufficiency (GFR<30-40)

25
Q

Name the Thiazide Diuretics (HCMI)

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlorthalidone

Metolazone

Indapamide

26
Q

Thiazide Diuretics MOA

(Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide)

A

Inhibits the Cl portion of the NaCl cotransporter in the early DCT causing:

Decreased Na+ and H2O reaborption,

Inc Ca++ reabsoption, &

Resultant K+ loss

(The thigh is a lg bone and needs the Ca)

27
Q

Thiazide Diuretics Uses (HENN)

(Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide)

A

**H **TN (intravascular contraction);

E dema (chronic from cardiac insufficiency);

N ephrolithiasis (idiopathic hypercalciuria)

N ephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

28
Q

Which Thiazide diuretic can also be used to reduce stroke risk and CHF events?

A

Chlorthalidone

29
Q

Thiazide Diuretics Impt SEs

(Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide)

A

Hypokalemia;

Hypercalcemia;

Contraction alkalosis;

Inc BUN/Cr

30
Q

Thiazide Diuretics Other SEs

(Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide)

A

HYPERglycemia/lipidemia/uricemia/calcemia;

HYPOnatremia/magnesia;

Gout;

Photosensitivity;

Impotence;

Drug interactions

31
Q

Thiazides SEs

(way to remember)

A

HyperGlycemia

HyperLipidemia

HyperUricemia

HyperCalcemia

HypOkalemia

HypOnatremia

HypOmagnesia

(+ Cont. Alkalosis; Inc BUN/Cr; Gout; Photosensitivity; Impotence)

32
Q

Thiazide Diuretics Misc

(Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide)

A

FeNa = 8%; lethal interaction w/quinidine (v. tach –> fib, may be due to hyperkalemia); avoid NSAIDs, bile sequestrants; increased risk of hypokalemia w/anti-inflammatory steroids or Amphotericin B; decreases positive free water clearance

33
Q

What are the K+ Sparing Diuretics?

(ATS)

A

Amiloride

Triamterene

Spironolactone (Aldo receptor antagonist)

34
Q

Amiloride

Triamterene

MOA

A

Blocks Na Channel and Na/H antiporter in late DCT and Collecting Duct –> dec K+ and DCT acid secretion & inc Ca++ reabsorption

35
Q

Amiloride

Triamterene

Uses

A

Combination with other Diuretics to prevent hypokalemia;

Edema

36
Q

Amiloride can also be used for…

A

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (stones);

Lithium-induced polyuria & toxicity;

Liddle syndrome;

Mucocilliary clearnance

37
Q

Amiloride

Triamterene

Impt SE

A

Hyperkalemia in pts with Renal failure or on ACEI

38
Q

What is another SE of Triamterene?

A

Megaloblastic anemia in pts with Liver cirrhosis

39
Q

Amiloride

Triamterene

Misc

A

Contraindication in pts with Renal failure (hyperkalemia) and those on ACEI/ARBs;

FeNa = 2%

(Triamterene doesn’t list ACEI/ARBs as contraind.)

40
Q

Sprionolactone

Class

A

K+ Sparing Diuretic

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist

41
Q

Sprionolactone

MOA

A

Competes for Aldo receptor, inhibits mRNA transcription and translation –> dec Na and K channels, dec number and activity of Na/K/ATPase pumps in late DCT and CD –> dec K+ and DCT acid secretion

42
Q

Sprionolactone

Uses

A

Reduction in CHF mortality (30%); Combination with other diuretics to prevent hypokalemia; Edema; Primary/Secondary Aldosteronism; HTN; Anti-testosterone agent

H TN/CHF

E dema

L ow K+

P rimary/secondary aldosteronism

43
Q

Spironolactone

Misc

A

Contraindicated in pts with renal failure; FeNa = 2%; Requires a salt-restricted diet; only drug not requiring tubular lumen access

44
Q

Name the one Aquaretic we need to know

A

Conivaptan

45
Q

Conivaptan

MOA

A

Vasopressin (ADH) receptor antagonist working at the CD –> Inc free water excretion

46
Q

Conivaptan

Uses

A

Hyponatremia (SIADH, CHF)

47
Q

Conivaptan

Misc

A

New drug class with unproven clinical benefit

Pharm (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions