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Pharm Test 3 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

what are Diuretics used for

A

Treat HTN and Mobilize edematous fluid to prevent renal fail, also high altitude sickness

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2
Q

3 functions of Diuretic

A

Maintain acid-base balance, Excrete metabolic waste and foriegn substance, Cleanse ECF and maintain ECF Vol.

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3
Q

how do diuretics work

A

prevent reabsorbtion of Na and Chloride

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4
Q

Acetazolaminde used to treat

A

Glaucoma, edema, high altitude sickness

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5
Q

Acetazolamide side effects that can be good

A

induce metabolic acidosis=seizure prevention also induces respiratory acidosis=increased O2 during hypoxia

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6
Q

Acetazolamide: side effects

A

elevate blood glucose, drowsy, anorexia, photosensitivity, itching, melena, hematuria

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7
Q

Acetazolamide more or less potent than loop and thiazide diuretic?

A

Less

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8
Q

Acetazolamide can cause an decrease in what?

A

Potassium

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9
Q

Acetazolamide toxic with what drug

A

digitalis

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10
Q

name 2 loop diuretics

A

Furosemide and Bumetanide

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11
Q

5 Major effects of Loop Diuretic

A

lower BP, Reduce Pulmonary vascular resistance, reduce central venous pressure, reduce left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

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12
Q

Loop Diurets cause a major loss of

A

electrolytes (Na & K+) also some CA+ and Chloride

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13
Q

Loop Diuretics treat :

A

Pulmonary edema, also edema assoc. w/ liver and renal disease. control HTN, inc. secretion of Ca

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14
Q

Loop Diuretics Adverse effects:

A

HoNatremia, HoChloremia, Dehydration, excessive weight loss

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15
Q

Can Loop Diuretics be used with low GFR?

A

Yes

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16
Q

what are the effects of Dehydration w/ loop diuretics

A

thrombosis, embolism: symptoms=pain in chest, calves, or pelvis

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17
Q

Furosemide is reserved for:

A

rapid or massive mobilization of fluid. pulmonary edema and ascites

18
Q

Furosemide adverse effects

A

Ototoxicity, HoKalemia, Electrolyte loss

19
Q

With Loop Diurectics watch out for what allergy

A

Sulfa

20
Q

Nursing Implications for Diuretics: monitor for

A

Monitor I&O, K+, weight, vitals, hearing loss (1-24hr)

21
Q

Nursing Implications for Diuretics: teach

A

medicate early in day=decrease nocturia, report hearing loss or signs of gout

22
Q

Osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

23
Q

Mannitol produces

A

rapid diureses

24
Q

How does Mannitol work on kidney

A

induce vasodilation which increase GFR and renal plasma flow=preven kidney damage

25
Q

Mannitol treats

A

intracranial and intraocular pressure

26
Q

What happens to manitol at low levels

A

crystalize

27
Q

how to administer Mannitol

A

Parenterally through IV fliter

28
Q

SE of Mannitol

A

Convulsions, thrombophlebitis, & pulmonary congestion

29
Q

Sprinalactone and triamterene are what type of Diuretic

A

Potassuim- Sparing

30
Q

Sprinalactone and Triamteren are given for

A

Edema, HTN, HF, ascites

31
Q

Sprinalctone: the ugly

A

Gynecomastia, amenorrhea, hyperkalemia

32
Q

Triamterene adverse effects

A

reduce folic acid and cause kidney stone, leg cramps

33
Q

Interactions with potassium sparing diuretic

A

Ace-inhibitor, K+ supplement=hyperkalemia. lithium=lithium toxicity NSAIDS=decreases blood flow to kidney=diminished response

34
Q

spironolactone monitor for

A

I&O, K+ and Na+, cardiac dysrhythmias

35
Q

Spironolactone Teach pt.

A

restrict K+ food, take meds w/or after meal for GI upset, notify DR. of menstral irregularities and gynecomastia and impotence

36
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide-what do they do?

A

Increase output of Na+, K+, H2O Also elevate glucose and uric acid

37
Q

Are Thiazides More or less effective than loop diuretic

A

less

38
Q

Thiazides are used w/ what drug to conteract adverse metabolic effects

A

Potassium sparing Diuretic

39
Q

Thiazide AE:

A

HoNatremia, HoChloremia, HoKalemia, Dehydration

40
Q

Thiazide drug interaction

A

Digoxin=slow HR&increase Hrt squeeze also HoKalemia, NSAIDS=decreased diuretic activity, Lithium =accumulation of lithium

41
Q

Thiazide identify high risk pt.

A

Digoxin, Lithium, ant-HTN drugs, CVD, renal impairment, Diabetes, Hx of gout

Pharm Test 3 (9 decks)

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