Diuretics Flashcards
What are the actions of aldosterone antagonistic diuretics?
blocks aldosterone receptor activate in the kidney
What is the effect of diuretics?
blocks reabsorption of Na+, water in the kidneys,
lowers blood pressure
What are the uses of diuretics?
Primarily: hypertension
Also: edema, acute HF, worsening HF
Which of the exemplar diuretics are given first for hypertension?
hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the exemplar diuretics are given first for heart failure?
furosemide
Identify contraindications for diuretics.
renal impairment, pregnancy, lactation
Which of the exemplar diuretics may be given during pregancy?
hydrochlorothiazide
Identify common adverse effects of diuretics.
hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalance, nephrotoxicity
What are the common electrolyte imbalances seen with diuretics?
hyperkalemia,
hypokalemia,
hyponatremia
Identify drug interactions with diuretics.
ACE inhibitors, ARBs,
NSAIDS (renal function),
K+ rich foods
What should be assessed with diuretics?
weight/edema, orthostasis,
potassium, sodium, calcium
renal function,
blood glucose
What should be taught for diuretic use?
slow position changes,
daily weight, sights of dehydration,
potassium imbalance,
decreased urine output
Reasons for extra caution when administering loop diuretics.
- ototoxic - fast push rates cause tinnitus, permanent hearing loss
- hypotension
Identify extra assessments before giving loop diuretics.
Check BP, BUN, Creatinine, K+
What electrolyte imbalances are seen with aldosterone antagonist diuretics?
hyperkalemia,
hyponatremia
Which diuretics affect blood sugars?
thiazide diuretics (increased blood glucose)
Which diuretics affect calcium levels?
thiazides = increase Ca+
loop diuretics = decrease Ca+
Briefly define potassium-sparing diuretics.
Potassium is reabsorbed in the kidneys, is not excreted.
Identify potassium-sparing classes of diuretics.
Aldosterone Antagonists diuretic
Identify potassium-wasting classes of diuretics.
- loop diuretics,
- thiazide diuretics
