Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 1 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of diuretics

A

High ceiling or loop diuretics
Medium efficacy
Adjunctive / weak diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of high ceiling diuretics

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torasemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sub classification of medium efficacy diuretics and examples

A

Benzothiadiazines: hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethazide

Thiazide like: chlorthalidone, metolazone, xipamide, indapamide, clopamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sub classification of weak diuretics and examples

A

CAse inhibitors: acetazolamide

K+ sparing:
Aldosterone antagonist- spironolactone
Renal epithelial Na+ Chanel inhibitors- amiloride, triamterene

Osmotic diuretics: mannitol, glycerol, isosorbide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Duration of action of furosemide

A

3-6 hours (short)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Site of action of furosemide

A

Thick Ascending limb of LOH inhibiting Na+-k+-2cl- cotransport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Action of furosemide in corticomedullary osmotic gradient and free water clearance

A

Corticomedullary osmotic gradient is abolished and positive and negative free water clearance is blocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Action of furosemide in gfr and rbf

A

Rbf increases, gfr same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is furosemide used in LVF and pulmonary edema

A

Intravenous furosemide causes prompt increase in systemic venous capacitance which decreases Left ventricular pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to ca and mg in furosemide action

A

Ca and mg both decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drug is 40 times more potent than furosemide, highly effective in pulmonary edema and induced very rapid diuresis. It is preferred for oral absorption in CHF, as it is not affected by edema of the bowels

A

Bumetanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Torasemide is used in

A

Edema and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uses of high ceiling diuretics

A

Edema
Acute pulmonary edema (LVF, After MI)
Cerebral edema
Hypertension
Blood transfusion
Hypercalcemia of malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Cortical diluting segment or early DT
Inhibits Na+-CL- symport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Action of thiazides on free water clearance and corticomedullary osmotic gradient

A

Corticomedullary osmotic gradient not affected
Positive free water clearance reduced
Negative free water clearance not affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Action of thiazides on gfr

A

Reduces gfr

17
Q

Action of thiazides on ca and mg

A

Ca excretion decreases
Mg excretion increases

18
Q

Duration of action of thiazides

A

6-48 hours varies

19
Q

Examples of thiazides

A

Chlorthalidone
Metolazone
Xipamide
Indapamide

20
Q

Uses of thiazides

A

Edema
Hypertension
Diabetes insipidus
Hypercalciuria

21
Q

Complications of high ceiling and thiazides

A

Hypokalemia
Acute saline depletion
Dilutional hyponatremia
GIT and CNS disturbances
Allergic reaction
Hearing loss
Dyslipedemia and hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Magnesium depletion
Hypocalcemia (loop diuretics only)
Aggravated renal insufficiency (thiazides only)
Toxemia of pregnancy
Mental disturbances

22
Q

Interactions of thiazides and high ceiling diuretics

A

Potentiate all hypertensives
Hypokalemia enhances digoxin toxicity, reduces sulphonyl urea action, increases risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia due to drugs which prolong Q-t interval
High ceiling diuretics and aminoglycoside antibiotic and both ototoxic and nephrotixic with concurrent use
Indomethacin and NSAID inhibits PG synthesis and diminish action of loop diuretics
Probencid inhibits diuretic action

23
Q

CA present in

A

Renal tubular cell (PCT)
Gastric mucosa
Exocrine pancreas
Ciliary body of eye
Brain
RBC

24
Q

Examples of CAse inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
Dichlorphenamide

25
Q

Uses of CAse inhibitors

A

Glaucoma
Epilepsy
Mountain sickness
To alkalinise urine
Periodic paralysis

26
Q

Extra renal actions of acetazolamide

A

Lowers Intraocular tension
Decrease gastric HCL secretion
Raised level of Co2 in brain which decreases PH
Alteration of Co2 transport in lungs and tissues

27
Q

Why is acetazolamide not used as a diuretic

A

Because of its self limiting action, production of acidosis and Hypokalemia

28
Q

Two classes of K+ sparing diuretics with examples

A

Aldosterone antagonist - spironolactone, eplerenone
Renal epithelial Na+ channel inhibitors- amiloride, triamterene

29
Q

Spironolactone MOA

A

Inhibits formation of AIP by combining with Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)

30
Q

Spironolactone actions

A

Increases Na+ secretion
Decreases K+ excretion
Mild saluretic
Increases Ca2+ excretion

31
Q

Most important active metabolite of spironolactone

A

Canrenone

32
Q

Uses of spironolactone

A

Edema
To counter act K+ loss due to other diuretics
Hypertension
CHF
Primary hyperaldosteronism

33
Q

Interactions of spironoloactone

A

Spironolactone + k+ supplements give hyperkalemia
Aspirin blocks it by inhibiting synthesis of canrenone
Hyperkalemia in presence of ACe inhibitors
Increases plasma digoxin concentration

34
Q

Most serious problem with spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia
And testosterone action

35
Q

Alternative to spironolactone which has no androgen and progesterone action

A

Eplerenone

36
Q

Renal epithelial Na+ channel inhibitors example

A

Triamterene and amiloride

37
Q

Most important adverse effect of traimterene and amiloride

A

Hyperkalemia

38
Q

Uses of mannitol

A
  1. In increased intracranial or intra ocular tension
  2. To maintain gfr
  3. To counteract low osmlolality of plasma ecf due to rapid haemodialysis

Pharmacology 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions