Distillation Flashcards
How do you carry out simple distillation?
You use a still and you heat the solution in the still. The element with the lowest boiling point evaporates first then it cools and condenses. The the element with the higher boiling point does the same thing
What is simple distillation
Simple distillation is used to separate two components in a liquid mixture which have two very different boiling points
What is the difference between simple and fractional distillation?
Simple distillation is used to separate two components in a liquid mixture which have two very different boiling points. Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids/solids that have boiling points that are close together
When should you use fractional distillation to separate a mixture?
When the boiling points of the components in the mixture have boiling points that are close together
How do you carry out fractional distillation?
The solution is heated and the gases start to rise up the fractions get column. However if they rise up and the column and it’s below the the gases boiling points they will condense on the Spurs and fall back into the solution in the flask. But if the gases rise up and the fractioning column is at the gases boiling point, the gas will enter the Liebig condenser where it’s cooled down and condenses back into a liquid so it can be collected as a pure substance.
What precautions are need to be taken to reduce risk in a distillation experiment?
You need to wear goggles - in case any solution goes in you eyes
Tie your hair back - in case the Bunsen burner sets your hair on fire
Not allowed to sit down - got no idea why
Be careful when Handling the glass - it can smash
What do we need to do to make pure water?
We need to separate it from the dissolved solids, this is done by distillation
What is the apparatus is simple distillation called?
A still
In fractional distillation what is the first fraction to be collected?
The liquid with the lowest boiling point
What can fractional distillation be used for?
To separate the different products in crude oil
To make alcoholic drinks such as whisky and vodka
To separate out ten gases in the air, after the air has been cooled and turned to a liquid at -200 degrees
Why are anti-bumping granules added to simple distillation?
To make the liquid boil more smoothly - small bubbles of the vapour form on the corners of the granules and reduce the risk if the liquid boiling over
What is simple distillation?
The process of separating a liquid from a mixture by evaporating the liquid and the condensing it so it can be collected
What is fractional distillation?
A method of separating a mixture of liquid with different boiling points into individual components
