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NHS 111 > Distance Learning Assessment 2 > Flashcards

Distance Learning Assessment 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How long after being deprived of oxygen to cells start to die?

A

3 to 5 minutes

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2
Q

What is shock?

A

A potentially life-threatening failure of the cardiovascular system to circulate oxygenated blood to the vital organs

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3
Q

List three features of shock

A
  1. The person will be collapsed
  2. Cold skin, also feels clammy and wet
  3. Paler than usual, sometimes grey or blue
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4
Q

How can a burn lead to shock?

A

Burns can cause heavy fluid loss which leads to shock

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5
Q

What does AED stand for?

A

Automated external defibrillator

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6
Q

For each Minute CPR is delayed there is a ____ reduction in survival rates.

A

10 to 12%

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7
Q

What is agonal breathing?

A

Abnormal breathing pattern, slow, noisy and irregular breathes that usually occur every 10-15 minutes

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8
Q

How common is agonal breathing in a cardiac arrest?

A

40% of patients in cardiac arrest experience agonal breathing

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9
Q

What should happen if there is bound about whether a collapsed person is displaying agonal breathing.

A

If there is any doubt about whether a patient is breathing it should be assumed that they are not. Start CPR.

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10
Q

What is haemophilia?

A

Rare inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots

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11
Q

What is the definition of a chronic illness?

A

An illness that persists over a long period of time, often with gradually worsening symptoms.

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12
Q

What is a MedicAlert?

A

A medical alert bracelet

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13
Q

Define what is meant by a blunt injury.

A

An injury where the skin has not been broken

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14
Q

What does an anticoagulant do?

A

Prevents the coagulation of blood, prolongs the clotting. Commonly called blood thinners

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15
Q

What is a rigor and why does it occur?

A

Violent shivering caused by an especially high fever

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16
Q

In litres p, what is the blood volume of a typical adult?

A

4 - 5 litres

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17
Q

List 3 injuries that are always treated as serious.

A

Major head/neck/back trauma
A fall of more than 5m/16ft, or 3m/10ft in children
Drowning

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of death in children?

A

Injuries

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19
Q

What age group is most vulnerable to abuse?

A

Children below 1

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20
Q

What age related factor makes elderly people more prone to bone fractures?

A

Thinning and weakening of the bones (osteoporosis)

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21
Q

Name a condition that can make a pregnant woman unwell and also harm the baby?

A

Pre-eclampsia

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22
Q

What proportion of people will suffer from a mental health disorder at some point in their life?

A

1 in 4

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23
Q

How are mental health disorders broadly categorised?

A

Common mental health disorders (neuroses)

Severe mental health disorders (psychoses)

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24
Q

Describe the term bi-polar disorder.

A

Severe mood swings, high active periods to depressive periods

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25
Q

Describe the term dementia

A

Progressive and irreversible condition that involves wide spread damage to mental function; memory loss, language impairment, and disorientation

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26
Q

Describe the term post traumatic stress disorder

A

Occurs when someone is exposed to a catastrophic event which causes them to have flashbacks. Can experience depression and anxiety

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27
Q

Describe the term psychosis

A

A loss of touch with reality, may include hearing voices, seeing something others cannot see, and changes in perception

28
Q

Describe the term schizophrenia

A

Group of symptoms, typically including hallucinations, delusions, disordered thoughts, problems with feelings, behaviour, motivations and speech

29
Q

What is the name for a type of tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body?

A

Benign tumour

30
Q

What is name for the type of tumour that does spread to other parts of the body?

A

Malignant tumour

31
Q

What is meant by the term compensation in relation to blood loss?

A

When someone losses blood the body helps to try and make up or compensate for the blood loss.

32
Q

Define what is meant by the term palpitations

A

Sensation of the heart beating irregularly or more rapidly or forcefully than usual.

33
Q

What causes angina?

A

Restricted blood vessels leading to poor blood flow. This means there is s lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle

34
Q

How might a person describe angina?

A

A feeling of heaviness, pressure or tightness in the chest, which may spread to arms, face, neck, back or abdomen

35
Q

What can trigger angina in a person with heart disease?

A

Exertion, such as climbing stairs of playing sports. Also cold weather, after a heavy meal, or during periods of stress

36
Q

List 4 symptoms of a heart attack

A
  1. Persistent severe chest pain which spread to arms, face, neck, jaw, back or abdomen
  2. Breathlessness
  3. Faintness, dizziness or collapse
  4. Sweating
37
Q

Drugs such as _____ and medications that dissolve the clot are used to limit the amount of muscle damage.

A

Aspirin

38
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

A bulging, weakened area in the area wall

39
Q

Where do aneurysms most commonly occur?

A

In the aorta, and in arteries in the brain

40
Q

Name a genetic condition that can increase the likelihood of an aneurysm.

A

Marfans syndrome

41
Q

List 4 symptoms of a burst aneurysm

A
  1. Hypovolemic shock
  2. Extreme constant severe pain, described as ripping or tearing
  3. Nausea or vomiting
  4. In some cases, little or no pain but a feeling that something is very wrong
42
Q

List signs of impaired or reduced consciousness

A 
Uncoordinated 
Drowsy
Confused
Slow to respond
Difficulty speaking
43
Q

How does impaired consciousness threaten a persons airway?

A

Airway might be closed or blocked if the tongue has dropped back

44
Q

Name factors that can cause fits

A 
Epilepsy 
High fever
Head injury
Infections affecting the central nervous system 
Lack of oxygen or glucose to the brain 
Poisoning
45
Q

How is vertigo defined?

A

The sensation of spinning or having the room spin around you

46
Q

List possible signs of meningitis in a baby

A 
Fever
Vomiting or refusing to feed
Sleepy and not wanting to be be woken
Not wanting to be held
Ill appearance
Floppy and unresponsive 
Pale or blotchy skin
47
Q

What causes the rash that can occur with certain types of meningitis?

A

Meningococcal bacteria cause blood vessel damage which can cause blood to leak into the tissue under the skin

48
Q

List 4 symptoms of a CVA or TIA

A

Weakness of an arm or leg on the same side of the body
Facial weakness causing one side to droop
New difficulty speaking
New confusion

49
Q

What does asthma cause to the airways?

A

Inflammation and narrowing

50
Q

An inflamed pleural membrane is usually caused by what?

A

Infection

51
Q

If a persons stool is black and like tar, it may indicate bleeding somewhere in the digestive system. Where is that bleeding likely to be coming from?

A

Upper digestive tract

52
Q

If the stool is red or marrow, this may also indicate bleeding somewhere in the digestive system. Where is this likely to be coming from?

A

Lower digestive tract

53
Q

Describe the appearance of vomited blood

A

Appears like coffee-grounds or soil

54
Q

How might someone their aorta splits?

A

Ripping or tearing

55
Q

List signs of a wound infection

A

Rapid spreading redness around the wound
Red streaks coming from the wound
Worsening swelling around the wound

56
Q

List factors that weaken the immune system and may increase the risk of infection

A

Medical treatment such as chemotherapy
HIV/AIDS
Genetic conditions from birth
Spleen removal

57
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Carefully controls how much glucose is in the blood, and helps to move glucose from blood stream into cells for energy

58
Q

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 1: body produces little or no insulin and requires insulin injections
Type 2: body produces insulin but this is rejected by the body, usually due to obesity

59
Q

Which condition will lead to unconsciousness more quickly: hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia?

A

Hypoglycaemia

60
Q

When would glucagon be used?

A

In a severe hypoglycaemic attack

61
Q

Urine infections in pregnant women can cause what problem?

A

Hormone problems that affect the urinary tract. UTIs can bring on early labour

62
Q

List 3 symptoms of a urine infection

A

Stinging or burning when passing urine
Passing urine more often
Blood in urine, cloudy or smelly urine

63
Q

What is the cause of shoulder tip pain in relation to an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy presses against the diaphragm

64
Q

What might green or brown amniotic fluid indicate?

A

That the baby is getting tired or is in trouble

65
Q

List symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection

A 
Unusual genital discharge
Itching, soreness or inflammation 
Pain passing urine
Pain during sex
Pain in the testicles, or the abdomen
Bleeding between periods
66
Q

Burns to which parts of the body are more prone to complications?

A

Face, hands, feet, around large joints, and around the genitals

NHS 111 (4 decks)

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