Distance Learning Assessment 2 Flashcards
How long after being deprived of oxygen to cells start to die?
3 to 5 minutes
What is shock?
A potentially life-threatening failure of the cardiovascular system to circulate oxygenated blood to the vital organs
List three features of shock
- The person will be collapsed
- Cold skin, also feels clammy and wet
- Paler than usual, sometimes grey or blue
How can a burn lead to shock?
Burns can cause heavy fluid loss which leads to shock
What does AED stand for?
Automated external defibrillator
For each Minute CPR is delayed there is a ____ reduction in survival rates.
10 to 12%
What is agonal breathing?
Abnormal breathing pattern, slow, noisy and irregular breathes that usually occur every 10-15 minutes
How common is agonal breathing in a cardiac arrest?
40% of patients in cardiac arrest experience agonal breathing
What should happen if there is bound about whether a collapsed person is displaying agonal breathing.
If there is any doubt about whether a patient is breathing it should be assumed that they are not. Start CPR.
What is haemophilia?
Rare inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots
What is the definition of a chronic illness?
An illness that persists over a long period of time, often with gradually worsening symptoms.
What is a MedicAlert?
A medical alert bracelet
Define what is meant by a blunt injury.
An injury where the skin has not been broken
What does an anticoagulant do?
Prevents the coagulation of blood, prolongs the clotting. Commonly called blood thinners
What is a rigor and why does it occur?
Violent shivering caused by an especially high fever
In litres p, what is the blood volume of a typical adult?
4 - 5 litres
List 3 injuries that are always treated as serious.
Major head/neck/back trauma
A fall of more than 5m/16ft, or 3m/10ft in children
Drowning
What is the most common cause of death in children?
Injuries
What age group is most vulnerable to abuse?
Children below 1
What age related factor makes elderly people more prone to bone fractures?
Thinning and weakening of the bones (osteoporosis)
Name a condition that can make a pregnant woman unwell and also harm the baby?
Pre-eclampsia
What proportion of people will suffer from a mental health disorder at some point in their life?
1 in 4
How are mental health disorders broadly categorised?
Common mental health disorders (neuroses)
Severe mental health disorders (psychoses)
Describe the term bi-polar disorder.
Severe mood swings, high active periods to depressive periods
Describe the term dementia
Progressive and irreversible condition that involves wide spread damage to mental function; memory loss, language impairment, and disorientation
Describe the term post traumatic stress disorder
Occurs when someone is exposed to a catastrophic event which causes them to have flashbacks. Can experience depression and anxiety
Describe the term psychosis
A loss of touch with reality, may include hearing voices, seeing something others cannot see, and changes in perception
Describe the term schizophrenia
Group of symptoms, typically including hallucinations, delusions, disordered thoughts, problems with feelings, behaviour, motivations and speech
What is the name for a type of tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body?
Benign tumour
What is name for the type of tumour that does spread to other parts of the body?
Malignant tumour
What is meant by the term compensation in relation to blood loss?
When someone losses blood the body helps to try and make up or compensate for the blood loss.
Define what is meant by the term palpitations
Sensation of the heart beating irregularly or more rapidly or forcefully than usual.
What causes angina?
Restricted blood vessels leading to poor blood flow. This means there is s lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle
How might a person describe angina?
A feeling of heaviness, pressure or tightness in the chest, which may spread to arms, face, neck, back or abdomen
What can trigger angina in a person with heart disease?
Exertion, such as climbing stairs of playing sports. Also cold weather, after a heavy meal, or during periods of stress
List 4 symptoms of a heart attack
- Persistent severe chest pain which spread to arms, face, neck, jaw, back or abdomen
- Breathlessness
- Faintness, dizziness or collapse
- Sweating
Drugs such as _____ and medications that dissolve the clot are used to limit the amount of muscle damage.
Aspirin
What is an aneurysm?
A bulging, weakened area in the area wall
Where do aneurysms most commonly occur?
In the aorta, and in arteries in the brain
Name a genetic condition that can increase the likelihood of an aneurysm.
Marfans syndrome
List 4 symptoms of a burst aneurysm
- Hypovolemic shock
- Extreme constant severe pain, described as ripping or tearing
- Nausea or vomiting
- In some cases, little or no pain but a feeling that something is very wrong
List signs of impaired or reduced consciousness
Uncoordinated Drowsy Confused Slow to respond Difficulty speaking
How does impaired consciousness threaten a persons airway?
Airway might be closed or blocked if the tongue has dropped back
Name factors that can cause fits
Epilepsy High fever Head injury Infections affecting the central nervous system Lack of oxygen or glucose to the brain Poisoning
How is vertigo defined?
The sensation of spinning or having the room spin around you
List possible signs of meningitis in a baby
Fever Vomiting or refusing to feed Sleepy and not wanting to be be woken Not wanting to be held Ill appearance Floppy and unresponsive Pale or blotchy skin
What causes the rash that can occur with certain types of meningitis?
Meningococcal bacteria cause blood vessel damage which can cause blood to leak into the tissue under the skin
List 4 symptoms of a CVA or TIA
Weakness of an arm or leg on the same side of the body
Facial weakness causing one side to droop
New difficulty speaking
New confusion
What does asthma cause to the airways?
Inflammation and narrowing
An inflamed pleural membrane is usually caused by what?
Infection
If a persons stool is black and like tar, it may indicate bleeding somewhere in the digestive system. Where is that bleeding likely to be coming from?
Upper digestive tract
If the stool is red or marrow, this may also indicate bleeding somewhere in the digestive system. Where is this likely to be coming from?
Lower digestive tract
Describe the appearance of vomited blood
Appears like coffee-grounds or soil
How might someone their aorta splits?
Ripping or tearing
List signs of a wound infection
Rapid spreading redness around the wound
Red streaks coming from the wound
Worsening swelling around the wound
List factors that weaken the immune system and may increase the risk of infection
Medical treatment such as chemotherapy
HIV/AIDS
Genetic conditions from birth
Spleen removal
What does insulin do?
Carefully controls how much glucose is in the blood, and helps to move glucose from blood stream into cells for energy
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1: body produces little or no insulin and requires insulin injections
Type 2: body produces insulin but this is rejected by the body, usually due to obesity
Which condition will lead to unconsciousness more quickly: hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia?
Hypoglycaemia
When would glucagon be used?
In a severe hypoglycaemic attack
Urine infections in pregnant women can cause what problem?
Hormone problems that affect the urinary tract. UTIs can bring on early labour
List 3 symptoms of a urine infection
Stinging or burning when passing urine
Passing urine more often
Blood in urine, cloudy or smelly urine
What is the cause of shoulder tip pain in relation to an ectopic pregnancy?
Blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy presses against the diaphragm
What might green or brown amniotic fluid indicate?
That the baby is getting tired or is in trouble
List symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection
Unusual genital discharge Itching, soreness or inflammation Pain passing urine Pain during sex Pain in the testicles, or the abdomen Bleeding between periods
Burns to which parts of the body are more prone to complications?
Face, hands, feet, around large joints, and around the genitals
