Distal Lower Extremity

Question 1

what are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 1

tibial nerve and common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 2

identify the hamstrings from lateral to medial

Answer 2

long head of biceps femoris (most lateral)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus (most medial)

Question 3

branching from the common peroneal (fibular) nerve, this nerve passes inferiorly to supply cutaneous sensation to the posterior leg as far inferiorly as the lateral foot. What is?

Answer 3

sural nerve

Question 4

with the lateral gastrocnemius muscle reflected medially, what two muscles would you find beneath?

Answer 4

large soleus muscle and small plantaris muscle

Question 5

compression or damage to this nerve may produce drop foot

Answer 5

common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 6

this group of muscles, called the triceps surae, join to form the Achilles (calcaneus) tendon. What muscles make up this group?

Answer 6

soleus, plantaris, medial and lateral gastrocnemius

Question 7

to what structure of the femur does the plantaris muscle attach?

Answer 7

lateral femoral condyle

Question 8

the superior and inferior lateral genicular arteries, a middle genicular artery, and a medial genicular artery form ___ around the knee joint

Answer 8

form an anastomosis (interconnection) which allows for sustained blood flow as vessels are transiently compressed during movement of knee joint

Question 9

to what structure of the tibia does the semimembranosus attach?

Answer 9

medial condyle of tibia

Question 10

the patellar ligament runs from what to what

Answer 10

patellar ligament runs from patella to tibial tuberosity

Question 11

pes anserinus

Answer 11

fan-shaped insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscle on the tibia

Question 12

deep to the pes anserinus (insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus on tibia) is the ___, which is commonly inflamed in individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee

Answer 12

anserine bursa

Question 13

what kind of bone is the patella

Answer 13

sesamoid bone - forms within the tendon of a muscle

Question 14

by convention, we refer to tendon superior to the patella as ___ and inferior to the patella as __

Answer 14

quadriceps tendon (superior) and patella ligament (inferior)

Question 15

the membrane between the shafts of the tibia and fibula is called

Answer 15

interosseus membrane

Question 16

popliteal artery has an anterior tibial branch which pierces the interosseus membrane to supply the anterior compartment of the leg, continuing inferiorly as the ____ artery

Answer 16

popliteal artery –> anterior tibial branch –> dorsal artery of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery)

Question 17

where can the anterior and posterior tibial arteries be palpated, respectively?

Answer 17

anterior tibial artery - dorsum of feet (as dorsalis pedis artery)
posterior tibial artery - posterior to medial malleolus

Question 18

what muscle crosses the sole of the foot to insert on the base of the first metatarsal?

Answer 18

peroneus longus

Question 19

the tarsal tunnel runs deep to the ____ in the foot, which runs between the calcaneus and medial malleolus

Answer 19

flexor retinaculum

Question 20

what two tendons run parallel but in separate compartments of the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 20

tendon of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus