Bones and Muscles of Lower Extremity Flashcards
what joint of the pelvis transmit the weight of the head, upper extremities, and trunk to the lower extremities?
sacroiliac (SI) joint
the patella is what type of bone?
sesamoid
does the fibula participate in the knee joint?
no
why are the ACL and PCL named as such?
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) attaches to anterior tibia, PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) attaches to posterior tibia
the tibia sits on the ___
talus
the medial and lateral bumps on our ankles are the ___ and ____, respectively
medial bump is medial malleolus of tibia
lateral bump is lateral malleolus of fibula
these contain the ankle joint and ensure it is a simple hinge joint
when your thigh is kicked out front, and your knee is bent, how do you describe these movements?
hip flexion, knee flexion
when your thigh is reaching behind you, and your leg is bent straight, how do you describe these movements?
hip extension, knee extension
when your thigh is kicked forward and your leg is straight, how do you describe these movements?
hip flexion, knee extension
describe the origin of the psoas and iliacus in the iliopsoas muscle, and what does the iliopsoas muscle do?
psoas arises from lateral border of vertebral bodies, iliacus arises from iliac fossa
together, the iliopsoas muscle flexes the hip
(attach to the femur together)
what does the gluteus maximus do
extends hip (think about standing up)
what does the gluteus medius do and what is its role
abducts hip (away from midline), stabilizes pelvis when the opposite leg is lifted off the ground during walking
the anterior fibers also medially rotate hip
what are the 3 muscles in the lateral rotator group of the hip?
piriformis (most superior), obturator internus, quadratus femoris (most inferior)
what are the main adductors (away from midline) of the hip (2)?
adductor longus, adductor magnus
what do the quadriceps do
extend knee
the hamstring crosses both the hip joint and the knee joint, allowing it to do these 2 things:
extend the hip (moves thigh posteriorly), flex the knee (bent)
what do the gastrocnemius and soleus do together?
plantar flex (point the toe)
plantar is bottom of foot
what muscle in the leg dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts?
tibialis anterior (points toes up)
this keeps us from dragging our feet and tripping when we walk
invert = roll foot outwards (bottom of foot facing midline)
what are the two muscles on the lateral leg? What do they do?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
evert the ankle (roll inward, plantar facing away from midline)
what muscle extends the great toe?
extensor hallucis longus - controlled by one spinal nerve, so can be functionally useful for discriminating injury from one part of CNS to another
what structures make up the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament (running from pubic tubercle to anterior superior iliac spine), medial border of sartorius, lateral border of adductor longus
what muscles make up the adductor group of the thigh?
adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis
where does the gluteus maximus insert?
posterior border of the iliotibial tract
this rim of fibrocartilage reinforces and deepens the acetabulum
acetabular labrum
