Dissociative Disorders (Morrison, Ch. 7) Flashcards
The patient cannot remember important information that is usually of a personal nature. This amnesia is usually stress-related.
Dissociative Amnesia
One or more additional identities intermittently seize control of the patient’s behavior.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
There are episodes of detachment as if the patient is observing the patient’s own behavior from outside. In this condition, there is no actual memory loss.
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Patients who have symptoms suggestive of any of the Dissociative Disorders, but who do not meet the criteria for any of them, may be placed in one of these two categories.
Other specified, or unspecified, dissociative disorder
Some patients panic may experience depersonalization or derealization as part of an acute ________.
Panic Attack
A month or more following a severe trauma, the patient may not remember important aspects of personal history.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Immediately following a severe trauma, patients may not remember important aspects of personal history.
Acute Stress Disorder
Patients who have a history of somatic symptoms that cannot be explained on the basis of known disease mechanisms can also forget important aspects of personal history.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
______ resembles the dissociative disorders, in that there is amnesia for purposeful behavior, but it is classified elsewhere in order to keep all the sleep disorders together.
Sleepwalking
When severely stressed, these people will sometimes experiences episodes of dissociation, such as depersonalization.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Some patients continuously feign symptoms of memory loss. Their object is material gain, such as avoiding punishment or obtaining money or drugs.
Malingering
_________ occurs when one group of normal mental processes becomes separated from the rest.
Dissociation
What is it called when some of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are removed from conscious awareness and control?
Dissociation
______ is defined as a sense of being cut off or detached from oneself with respect to thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions.
Depersonalization Disorder
_____ is a feeling that the exterior world is unreal or odd.
Derealization
Episodes of DDD (Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder) are often precipitated by ____.
stress
What is a temporary disruption in the normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.”
Dissociation
______ spans range from minor or normative forms to major or more pathological forms.
Dissociation
In terms of the continuum of Dissociation, most normal individuals have __________ experiences (i.e. realizing you are driving after 5 min of zoning out)
“micro-dissociative”
What are the three principles of Dissociation?
- Age-related to the capacity to dissociate – gradual decline in capacity with age
- Certain developmental experiences increase the likelihood in later life (trauma, abuse)
- Serves a protective function in face of trauma
Dissociation as a defense is initially _____ but becomes ______ as
life requires continuity of memory, behavior and sense of self
adaptive
maladaptive
The repeated use of dissociative defenses by the child – perhaps in face of repeated trauma (e.g., incest) – may lead to __________.
chronic dissociative disorder
In ______, reality testing remains intact, some describe it as a dream-like state.
Depersonalization Disorder
What are the following examples of?
- Sleep deprivation
- Travel to unfamiliar places
- Intoxication with mind-altering substance
- Exposure to life-threatening situation such as near-fatal accident
Mild Depersonalization
The four most common features of Depersonalization Disorder are:
- Altered sense of self (“My body doesn’t belong to me”)
- Precipitating event (accident, substance use)
- A sense of unreality or a dream-like state (“Nothing seems real”)
- Sensory alterations (“Colors are less vibrant,” or “Voices sound strange”)
Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted
Derealization Disorder
What is the same as Depersonalization Disorder, except for the meaning of _____?
Derealization
“Psychologically-induced memory loss” is ______.
Dissociative Amnesia
What disorder is the inability to remember important autobiographical information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature, inconsistent with
ordinary forgetting? This often occurs after severe physical or psychosocial
stressors (war, natural disasters).
Dissociative Amnesia
If Amnesia includes _______,
- Amnesia plus flight (inability to recall one’s past and assumption of a new identity)
- Often involves sudden unexpected travel away from work or home
- Often occur in psychologically stressful environments (war or natural disaster)
- Can last for months
Dissociative Fugue
Which disorder is characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self
- At least 2 of these identities recurrently take control of the person’s behavior
- Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Hierarchical Relationship with DD’s
Upside-down triangle:
Top Layer: Dissociative Identity Disorder
Middle Layer: Dissociative Amnesia (Note if with Dissociative Fugue)
Bottom Layer (point): Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
_____ was a 1973 book by Flora Schreiber about the treatment of ____ Dorsett (a pseudonym for Shirley Ardell Mason) for dissociative identity disorder (then referred to as multiple personality disorder) by her psychoanalyst, Cornelia Wilbur
Sybil
Sybil was originally in treatment for social anxiety and memory loss. After extended therapy involving amobarbital and hypnosis, Sybil manifests ________. Wilbur encouraged Sybil’s various selves to communicate and reveal information about her life. There is some controversy over this story.
sixteen personalities
The following statements show ______:
- After extended therapy involving amobarbital and hypnosis, Sybil manifests sixteen personalities”
- The story of the student who couldn’t
remember her trauma and was then given amobarbital
Dissociation as a Defense
The Three Faces of ____ is a 1957 American film adaptation of a case study by Thigpen and Cleckley
- Based on the true story of Chris Costner Sizemore, also known as Eve White
- Sizemore’s identity was not revealed to the public until 20 years later
- Wrote book named, “I’m ____” (1977)
Eve
Kluft’s 4-Factory Theory of DID include:
- Biological Capacity to Dissociate
- Traumatic Life Experiences (97%)
- Shaping Influences/particular type of psychological structure
- Absence of Restorative and Soothing Experiences
Psychotherapy with ____ will be long-term and should either be referred to a therapist with pertinent experience or need to seek supervision
DID (dissociative identity disorders)
_______ have no proven value in treating dissociative disorders, though some with depersonalization disorder may benefit from an antidepressant
Medications
Prevalence rates of DDD in the general population appear to be around ___%, with males and females nearly equal.
1-2%
The onset of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (DDD) is in the _____ and is usually chronic.
teens or early 20s.
DDD stands for:
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
DID stands for:
Dissociative Identity Disorders
For a patient with Dissociative Amnesia, ______ is when the patient has recall for none of the events that occurred within a particular timeframe.
Localized
For a patient with Dissociative Amnesia, ______ is when certain portions of a time period, such as the birth of a child, have been forgotten.
Selective
________ begins suddenly, usually following severe stress such as physical injury, guilt about an extramarital affair, abandonment by a spouse, or internal conflict over sexual issues.
Dissociative Amnesia (DA)
For a patient with Dissociative Amnesia, ______ is when all the experiences during a patient’s lifetime have been forgotten.
Generalized
For a patient with Dissociative Amnesia, ______ is when the patient forgets all events from a given time forward to the present (this is now extremely rare).
Continuous
For a patient with Dissociative Amnesia, ______ is when the patient has forgotten certain classes of information, such as that relating to family or to work.
Systematized
DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) affects up to __% of the general population.
1%
For patients with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), the transition from one to another is usually sudden, often precipitated by _____.
Stress
______ has often been confused with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), primarily by laypeople who equate “split personality” (which is how many people come to characterize _______) with multiple personality disorder, which is the old name for DID.
Schiziophrenia
Multiple personality disorder is the old name for _____
DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder)
