Depressive Disorders & Bipolar Disorders (Morrison, Ch. 3) Flashcards
Appetite loss, unintentional weight loss or gain, sleep disturbance, change in energy, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and diminished libido.
Biological (or vegetative) signs
What is it called when a person feels worse in the morning and slightly better at night?
Diurnal mood variation
What is the differentiator of MDD from other diseases?
There has NEVER been a Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic Episode.
Once you have a manic episode, you’ll end up having one of the bipolar disorders (I or II)
Some Major Depressive Disorder Specifiers are:
- Single Episode or Recurrent
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
- with Psychotic Features
- In Partial Remission
- In Full Remission
What is the 12-month prevalence in US of depression?
7%
The “early age of onset” of depression is before what age?
Before age 20
The “late age of onset” of depression is before what age?
Mid-30s, and associated with fewer recurrent episodes.
Which disease increases the risk of heart attacks and is a serious complicating factor in stroke, diabetes and cancer?
Depression
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Rank the highest risk group for depression among single, married and divorced people.
1st - Divorce
2nd - Single
3rd - Married people
What are some of the other pathways to depression?
- Learned helplessness (Seligman)
- Loss and separation
- Stress
- Cognitive distortions
- Interpersonal PT of depression
- Nonreciprocal role expectations
- Unresolved grief
- Life-role transition
- Interpersonal skill deficits
In Bipolar Disorder, approximately __% of major depression diagnosis eventually exhibits mania or hypomania.
15%
Which disorder has “Elevated, euphoria, expansive, or irritable mood is cardinal feature of mania”?
Bipolar Disorder
Which disorder’s mood can seem unpredictable; people are “fine” one month and profoundly depressed the next?
Bipolar Disorder
Due to the fact that periods of high energy, creativity
and achievement may not be recognized as hypomania, ______ may go undiagnosed.
Bipolar Disorder
What is a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary)?”
Manic Episode
Patients with _____:
stay depressed longer,
relapse more frequently,
display more depressive symptoms,
show more severe symptoms,
have more delusions & hallucinations,
commit more suicides,
require more hospitalizations, and experience more incapacitations
Biopolar Depression
In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar I, there must be:
- A manic episode
- Not Schizoaffective Disorder
In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar II, there must NOT be:
There has NEVER been a Manic or Mixed Episode
In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar II, there must be:
- Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episodes
_Presence (or history) of a least one Hypomanic
Estimates of heritability of Bipolar Disorder range from ____%
59-87%
For Bipolar Disorder, the concordance rates for monozygotic twins averages ___%
57%
For Bipolar Disorder, the concordance rates for dizygotic twins averages ___%
14%
The risk of Bipolar Disorder among children of bipolar parents is ______ than the risk among children of healthy parents.
4 times greater
Approximately ___% of the general population has Bipolar I or II disorder (prevalence)
2.5%
What is the median age of onset of bipolar disorder?
25 years
What is the peak onset age of Bipolar Disorder?
Between 15-19 years old
Rates of suicide in Bipolar Disorder are at least _____ higher than in the general population
15 times
For anti-depressant medication, need to stay on medication for at least ____ to avoid relapse.
6 months
For anti-depressant medication, the first effects are within ____ days.
7-21 days
_________ the patient feels depressed for at least two weeks.
Major depressive episode
_________ the patient feels elated, grandiose, talkative, hyperactive, and distractible for at least one week.
Manic episode
_________ is much like a manic episode, but it is briefer and less severe (4 days)
Hypomanic episode
_________ is a pattern of illness due to an abnormal mood.
Mood disorder
These patients have had no manic or hypomanic episodes, but have had one or more major depressive episodes.
Major Depressive Disorder
There are no high phases, and it last much longer than typical major depressive disorder.
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthmia)
A child’s mood is persistently negative between frequent, severe explosions of temper
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
A few days before her menses, a woman experiences symptoms of depression and anxiety
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce depressive symptoms
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
Alcohol or other substances can cause depressive symptoms
Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder
Must be at least one manic episode; most patients have also had a major depressive episode
Bipolar I
This diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode.
Bipolar II
This diagnosis requires these patients have had repeated mood swings, but none that are severe enough to be called major depressive episode or manic episodes.
Cyclothymic disorder
This diagnosis requires alcohol or other substances can cause manic or hypomanic symptoms
Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder
This diagnosis requires a variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce manic or hypomanic symptoms
Bipolar disorder due to another medical condition.
This diagnosis requires bipolar symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the bipolar diagnoses above.
Other specified, or unspecified, bipolar disorder
_____ is a sustained emotion that colors the way we view life.
Mood
_____ is a sustained emotion that colors the way we view life.
Mood
_____ gives richness and meaning to our world and the depth and scope of the “human experience.”
Emotions (or affect)
When _____ becomes inappropriately extreme, it can become a source of overwhelming psychological distress.
Affect
