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Psychopathology > Depressive Disorders & Bipolar Disorders (Morrison, Ch. 3) > Flashcards

Depressive Disorders & Bipolar Disorders (Morrison, Ch. 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Appetite loss, unintentional weight loss or gain, sleep disturbance, change in energy, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and diminished libido.

A

Biological (or vegetative) signs

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2
Q

What is it called when a person feels worse in the morning and slightly better at night?

A

Diurnal mood variation

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3
Q

What is the differentiator of MDD from other diseases?

A

There has NEVER been a Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic Episode.

Once you have a manic episode, you’ll end up having one of the bipolar disorders (I or II)

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4
Q

Some Major Depressive Disorder Specifiers are:

A
  • Single Episode or Recurrent
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
  • with Psychotic Features
  • In Partial Remission
  • In Full Remission
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5
Q

What is the 12-month prevalence in US of depression?

A

7%

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6
Q

The “early age of onset” of depression is before what age?

A

Before age 20

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7
Q

The “late age of onset” of depression is before what age?

A

Mid-30s, and associated with fewer recurrent episodes.

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8
Q

Which disease increases the risk of heart attacks and is a serious complicating factor in stroke, diabetes and cancer?

A

Depression

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9
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

A

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

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10
Q

Rank the highest risk group for depression among single, married and divorced people.

A

1st - Divorce
2nd - Single
3rd - Married people

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11
Q

What are some of the other pathways to depression?

A
  • Learned helplessness (Seligman)
  • Loss and separation
  • Stress
  • Cognitive distortions
  • Interpersonal PT of depression
  • Nonreciprocal role expectations
  • Unresolved grief
  • Life-role transition
  • Interpersonal skill deficits
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12
Q

In Bipolar Disorder, approximately __% of major depression diagnosis eventually exhibits mania or hypomania.

A

15%

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13
Q

Which disorder has “Elevated, euphoria, expansive, or irritable mood is cardinal feature of mania”?

A

Bipolar Disorder

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14
Q

Which disorder’s mood can seem unpredictable; people are “fine” one month and profoundly depressed the next?

A

Bipolar Disorder

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15
Q

Due to the fact that periods of high energy, creativity
and achievement may not be recognized as hypomania, ______ may go undiagnosed.

A

Bipolar Disorder

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16
Q

What is a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary)?”

A

Manic Episode

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17
Q

Patients with _____:
stay depressed longer,
relapse more frequently,
display more depressive symptoms,
show more severe symptoms,
have more delusions & hallucinations,
commit more suicides,
require more hospitalizations, and experience more incapacitations

A

Biopolar Depression

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18
Q

In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar I, there must be:

A
  • A manic episode
  • Not Schizoaffective Disorder
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19
Q

In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar II, there must NOT be:

A

There has NEVER been a Manic or Mixed Episode

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20
Q

In order to be diagnosed with Bipolar II, there must be:

A
  • Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episodes
    _Presence (or history) of a least one Hypomanic
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21
Q

Estimates of heritability of Bipolar Disorder range from ____%

A

59-87%

22
Q

For Bipolar Disorder, the concordance rates for monozygotic twins averages ___%

A

57%

23
Q

For Bipolar Disorder, the concordance rates for dizygotic twins averages ___%

A

14%

24
Q

The risk of Bipolar Disorder among children of bipolar parents is ______ than the risk among children of healthy parents.

A

4 times greater

25
Q

Approximately ___% of the general population has Bipolar I or II disorder (prevalence)

A

2.5%

26
Q

What is the median age of onset of bipolar disorder?

A

25 years

27
Q

What is the peak onset age of Bipolar Disorder?

A

Between 15-19 years old

28
Q

Rates of suicide in Bipolar Disorder are at least _____ higher than in the general population

A

15 times

29
Q

For anti-depressant medication, need to stay on medication for at least ____ to avoid relapse.

A

6 months

30
Q

For anti-depressant medication, the first effects are within ____ days.

A

7-21 days

31
Q

_________ the patient feels depressed for at least two weeks.

A

Major depressive episode

32
Q

_________ the patient feels elated, grandiose, talkative, hyperactive, and distractible for at least one week.

A

Manic episode

33
Q

_________ is much like a manic episode, but it is briefer and less severe (4 days)

A

Hypomanic episode

34
Q

_________ is a pattern of illness due to an abnormal mood.

A

Mood disorder

35
Q

These patients have had no manic or hypomanic episodes, but have had one or more major depressive episodes.

A

Major Depressive Disorder

36
Q

There are no high phases, and it last much longer than typical major depressive disorder.

A

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthmia)

37
Q

A child’s mood is persistently negative between frequent, severe explosions of temper

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

38
Q

A few days before her menses, a woman experiences symptoms of depression and anxiety

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

39
Q

A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce depressive symptoms

A

Depressive disorder due to another medical condition

40
Q

Alcohol or other substances can cause depressive symptoms

A

Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder

41
Q

Must be at least one manic episode; most patients have also had a major depressive episode

A

Bipolar I

42
Q

This diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode plus at least one major depressive episode.

A

Bipolar II

43
Q

This diagnosis requires these patients have had repeated mood swings, but none that are severe enough to be called major depressive episode or manic episodes.

A

Cyclothymic disorder

44
Q

This diagnosis requires alcohol or other substances can cause manic or hypomanic symptoms

A

Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder

45
Q

This diagnosis requires a variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce manic or hypomanic symptoms

A

Bipolar disorder due to another medical condition.

46
Q

This diagnosis requires bipolar symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the bipolar diagnoses above.

A

Other specified, or unspecified, bipolar disorder

47
Q

_____ is a sustained emotion that colors the way we view life.

A

Mood

47
Q

_____ is a sustained emotion that colors the way we view life.

A

Mood

48
Q

_____ gives richness and meaning to our world and the depth and scope of the “human experience.”

A

Emotions (or affect)

49
Q

When _____ becomes inappropriately extreme, it can become a source of overwhelming psychological distress.

A

Affect

Psychopathology (7 decks)

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