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LOCOMOTOR > Dissection: Upper Limb > Flashcards

Dissection: Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle retracts the scapula?

A

Rhomboids

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2
Q

Which muscle protracts the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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3
Q

Which muscles elevate the scapula?

A

Levator scapulae and upper trapezius

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4
Q

Which muscles depress the scapula?

A

Latissimus dorsi and lower trapezius

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply to the trapezius?

A

CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator scapulae and rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapulae nerve (C3,C4,C5)

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply to serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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8
Q

What is the nerve supply to teres major?

A

Subscapular nerve

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply to teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply to subscapularis?

A

Subscapular nerve

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11
Q

What is the nerve supply to supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A 
Anterior = pectoralis minor and major
Posterior = Subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major
Medial = serratus anterior and rib cage
Lateral = bicipital groove of humerus
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13
Q

Name the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus

A

Axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar

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14
Q

Name the three cords of the brachial plexus

A

Posterior, lateral and medial

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15
Q

Which nerves stem from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary and radial

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16
Q

Which nerves stem from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous (and gives rise to median)

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17
Q

Which nerves stem from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Median nerve (with branches from lateral cord also) and ulnar nerve

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18
Q

Which nerve roots supply the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5,6,7

19
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Motor = brachialis, biceps brachialis and coracobrachialis (BBC - flexors)
Sensory: lateral forearm

20
Q

How is the musculocutaneous nerve damaged, and what are the symptoms?

A

How? Deep laceration (rare)

Signs = paralysis of arm flexors

21
Q

Which nerve roots supply the median nerve?

A

C5-T1

22
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Motor: Flexors of forearm (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus), lateral (radial) 2 lumbricals and thenar (thumb) muscles
Sensory: First radial 3 1/2 digits on palm of hand and tips of first radial 3 1/2 digits on dorsal surface

23
Q

How may the median nerve be damaged?

A

Supracondylar fracture OR carpal tunnel compression

24
Q

What are the symptoms of median nerve damage?

A

Hand of benediction whereby, when asked to make a fist, the individual can only flex the first 1 1/2 ulnar digits (involves flexion of DIP and PIP by the lumbricals which has lost medial innervation)

25
Q

Which nerve roots supply the ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

26
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Motor: FCU, FDP (ulnar half) and all hand muscles except thenar and 2 lateral lumbricals
Sensory: to dorsal and palmar sides of first 1/2 ulnar digits and associated palm

27
Q

How may the ulnar nerve be damaged?

A

Medial epicondyle fracture OR deep wrist laceration

28
Q

What are the symptoms of ulnar nerve damage?

A

Develop ulnar claw whereby the first 2 ulnar digits extend at the MCP and flex at the DIP and PIP

29
Q

Which nerve roots supply the axillary nerve?

A

C5,C6

30
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Motor: deltoid and teres minor
Sensory: regimental patch on shoulder

31
Q

How may the axillary nerve be damaged?

A

Dislocated shoulder or fracture of humeral neck

32
Q

What are the symptoms of axillary nerve damage?

A

Inability to abduct shoulder (greater than 10 degrees - done by supraspinatus) due to paralysis of deltoid

33
Q

Which nerve roots supply the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

34
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Motor: all extensor muscles of arm and forearm (posterior compartment)
Sensory: Posterior aspect of arm and forearm and the 1st dorsal interosseous web

35
Q

How may the radial nerve be damaged?

A

Midshaft fracture to the humerus (travels in spiral groove)

36
Q

What are the symptoms of radial nerve damage?

A

Wrist drop - due to loss of innervation to extensors of the forearm

37
Q

What are the boundaries of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

lateral border of pectoralis major (clavicular head), the clavicle and the anterior deltoid muscle

38
Q

What are the contents of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Cephalic vein, subclavian artery, subclavian vein

39
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A 
Superior = teres minor
Inferior = teres major 
Lateral = humerus
Medial = long head of triceps
40
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex (humerus) artery and vein

41
Q

What are the boundaries of the triangular interval?

A 
Superior = teres major
Medial = long head of triceps
Lateral = humerus
42
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval?

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A 
Lateral = brachioradialis 
Medial = pronator teres
Superior = imaginary line between 2 epicondyles
Roof = antebrachial fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
Floor = brachialis and supinator
44
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Radial nerve, medial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery

LOCOMOTOR (21 decks)

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