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BMB Dissections > Dissection 5-Anterior And Posterior Triangles Of The Neck > Flashcards

Dissection 5-Anterior And Posterior Triangles Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Vertebra Features

A
  • small vertebral bodies (except C1)
  • relatively large vertebral foramina
  • Transverse processes that contain a transverse foramen
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2
Q

Atlas (C1) Features

A
  • Anterior and Posterior arches
  • anterior and posterior tubercles
  • groove for vertebral artery
  • superior articular surface for occipital condyle
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3
Q

Axis (C2) Features

A
  • vertebral body
  • dens (odontoid process) extending vertically from the body
  • lamina
  • spinous process
  • superior articular facet for atlas
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4
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

Formed by the joining of the posterior division of the retro-mandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein

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5
Q

Anterior Jugular Vein

A

Courses inferiorly near the midline to the suprasternal region where it penetrates the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia.
-passers deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle to join the external jugular vein in the root of the neck

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6
Q

Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck

A

Anterior: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Posterior: the anterior border of the trapezius muscle

Inferior: the middle one-third of the clavicle

Superificial (roof): is the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

Deep (floor): muscles of the neck covered by pre vertebral fascia

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7
Q

Anterior Part of the Neck houses the cervical viscera which contains….

A

Pharynx and esophagus: superior parts of the digestive tract

Larynx and trachea: the superior parts of the respiratory tract

Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

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8
Q

Boundaries of the visceral part of the neck

A

Posterior: the cervical vertebra

posterolateral: the scalene muscles

Lateral: the sternocleidomastoid

Anterior: the infrahyoid muscles

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9
Q

Carotid Sheath Contains

A

Common carotid artery (internal carotid at more superior levels)

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck

A

Anterior: median line of the neck

Posterior: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Superior: the inferior border of the mandible

Superficial (roof): the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

Deep (floor): prevertebral fascia

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11
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

At the angle between the floor of the mouth and the superior end of the neck

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12
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Stretching between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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13
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

In the anterior midline of the neck

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14
Q

4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle (separated by the digastric and omohyoid muscles)

A

Muscular triangle
Submandibular triangle
Submental triangle
Carotid triangle

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15
Q

Contents of the Muscular Triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

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16
Q

Boundaries of the muscular triangle

A

Superolateral: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Inferolateral: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Medial: median plane of the neck

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17
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

Inferiorly attaches to the sternum

Superiorly to the body of the hyoid bone

Depresses the hyoid bone

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18
Q

Superior Belly of the Omohyoid muscle

A

Lateral to the sternohyoid muscle

Attached to the inferior border of the hyoid bone.

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19
Q

Inferior belly of the omohyoid bone

A

Attaches to the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch

Depresses the hyoid bone

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20
Q

Sternothyroid Muscle

A

Inferior attachment is the sternum

Superior attachment is the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Depresses the larynx

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21
Q

Thyrohyoid Muscle

A

Inferior attachment is the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Superior attachment is the hyoid bone

elevates the larynx

22
Q

Ansa Cervicalis

A

Innervates the sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

23
Q

Identification of things on the trachea in the midline

A 
Laryngeal prominence
Cricothryoid ligament 
Cricoid cartilage 
1st Tracheal Ring
Isthmus of the thyroid gland
24
Q

In the Clinic: Tracheotomy

A

Creation of an opening into the trachea. As an emergency operation, it must be rapidly performed in cases with sudden obstruction of the airway (e.g. Aspiration of a foreign body, edema of the larynx, or paralysis of the vocal fold). The opening is made in the midline between the infrahyoid muscles of the neck

25
Q

Contents of the Submandibular Triangle

A 
Submandibular gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Stylohyoid muscle
Part of the hypoglossal nerve
Lymph nodes
26
Q

Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle

A

Superior-inferior border of the mandible
Anteroinferior-anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Posteroinferior-posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Superficial (roof)-superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
Deep (floor)-mylohyoid muscle and hypoglossus muscle

27
Q

Features of the inner aspect of the mandible on the bone

A

Digastric fossa
Mylohyoid line
Submandibular fossa
Mylohyoid groove

28
Q

Submandibular Gland

A

Portion of the gland extends deep to the posterior border of mylohyoid muscle

29
Q

Facial Vein and Artery in relation to the submandibular gland

A

Vein Passes superficial to the submandibular gland

Artery courses deep to the gland

30
Q

Anterior and Posterior Bellies of the digastric muscle

A
  • Anterior attachment of the anterior belly is the digastric fossa of the mandible
  • The anterior belly is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve (a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
  • Posterior attachment of the posterior belly is the mastoid process of the temporal bone and is innervated by the facial nerve
  • The 2 bellies attach to each other by the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle.
  • action: elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible
31
Q

Intermediate tendon of the Digastric Muscle

A

Attached to the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone by a fibrous sling

32
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

A

Attaches to the body of the hyoid bone by straddling the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

  • innervated by the facial nerve
  • elevates the hyoid bone
  • it usually partially covers the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
33
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

A
  • in the submandibular triangle
  • enters the triangle by passing deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
  • it passes deep to the mylohyoid muscle within the submandibular triangle
34
Q

Contents of the Submental Triangle

A

Submental lymph nodes

35
Q

Boundaries of the Submental Triangle (it’s and unpaired triangle that crosses the midline)

A

Right and left: anterior bellies of the right and left digastric muscles
Inferior: hyoid bone
Superficial: superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
Deep: mylohyoid muscle

36
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

Proximal attachment: on the mylohyoid line of the mandible

Distal: on the hyoid bone and mylohyoid raphe

Action: supports the floor of the oral cavity

37
Q

Contents of the Carotid Triangle

A

Common, internal, external carotid arteries
Branches of the external Carotid artery
Part of the hypoglossal nerve
Branches of the vagus nerve (x)

38
Q

Boundaries of the Carotid Triangle

A

Inferomedial: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Inferolateral: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior: posterior belly of the digastric muscle

39
Q

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

A
  • crosses the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle near the base of the skull
  • passes through the jugular foramen to exit the skull
40
Q

Hyoid bone in relationship to the hypoglossal nerve

A
  • hypoglossal nerve travels superiorly to the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid bone
  • a muscular branch of the occipital artery crosses superior to the hypoglossal nerve
  • the hypoglossal nerve carries axons of spinal nerve C1 that branch off as the nerve to the thyrohyoid muscle
  • hypoglossal nerve passes medial to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and deep to the mylohyoid muscle. The nerves pass superficial to the hypoglossus muscle.
41
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

Extends between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone

42
Q

Internal Branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Passes through the thyrohyoid membrane

-supplies sensory fibers to the mucosa of the larynx

43
Q

External Branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

Joins the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

  • innervates the cricothryoid muscle
  • also innervates part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
44
Q

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

A

Might not see it

45
Q

Internal Jugular Vein

A

Located lateral to the common carotid or internal carotid artery in the carotid sheath

Tributaries: common facial vein, superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein

46
Q

External Carotid Artery

A

-passes on the medial side of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

47
Q

Branches of the external Carotid artery

A
  • Superior Thyroid artery; arises from the anterior surface of the external Carotid artery at the level of the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage. The superior thyroid artery descends to the superior pole of the lobe of the thyroid gland. The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery, which pierces the thryohyoid membrane together with the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
  • lingual artery: arises from the anterior surface of the external Carotid artery at the level of the greater horn of the you’d bone. It passes deeply into the muscles of the tongue
  • facial artery: arises from the anterior surface of the external carotid artery immediately superior to the lingual artery. The facial artery crosses the inferior border of the mandible to enter the face. In 20% of cases, the lingual and facial arteries arise from a common trunk
48
Q

Branches of the facial artery

A
  • Occipital artery: arises from the posterior surface of the external Carotid artery and supplies part of the scalp
  • Posterior auricular artery: arises from the posterior surface of the external Carotid artery and passes posterior to the ear to supply part of the scalp
  • ascending pharyngeal artery: the 6th branch of the ext. carotid artery. It branches from the medial surface of the external carotid artery
49
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

  • dilation of the origin of the internal carotid artery
  • walls contain pressoreceptors that monitor blood pressure
  • innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus nerve (X)
50
Q

Carotid Body

A

Small mass of tissue located on the medial aspect of the carotid bifurcation

  • monitors changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood
  • innervated by CN IX and X
51
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Lies between and Posterior to vessels in the carotid sheath

BMB Dissections (6 decks)

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