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BMB Dissections > Dissection 4-The Orbit And It's Contents > Flashcards

Dissection 4-The Orbit And It's Contents Flashcards

1
Q

Relative Osteology

A 
Frontal Bone 
       -Supraorbital notch (foramen): name accordingly
       -orbital surface
       -lacrimal fossa
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal groove
Nasolacrimal canal 
Maxilla
     -infraorbital groove
     -infraorbital foramen
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone
     -optic canal
     -lesser wing
     -superior orbital fissure
     -greater wing
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2
Q

Anterior and Posterior Ethmoid Foramina

A

On the medial wall of the orbit

Typically small and absolute identification may not be possible

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3
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Gap between the maxilla and greater wing of the sphenoid bone

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4
Q

Lamina Papyracea

A

Name for the part of the ethmoid bone that forms the medial wall of the orbit because it’s paper thin

Lateral wall is stout and strong

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5
Q

Roof of the orbit

A

Related to the anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

Floor of the orbit

A

Is related to the maxillary sinus

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7
Q

Medial wall of the orbit

A

Is related to the ethmoidal air cells

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8
Q

Eyelashes (cilia)

A

Feature of the living eye

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9
Q

Palpebral fissure (rima)

A

The opening between the eyelids

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10
Q

Medial and Lateral Palpebral Commissures

A

Where the upper and lower eyelids join

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11
Q

Medial and Lateral angles (canthi)

A

The medial and lateral corners of the eye

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12
Q

Sclera

A

The whitish posterior five-sixths of the exterior coat of the eyeball

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13
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent anterior one-sixth of the exterior coat of the eyeball

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14
Q

Iris

A

The colored diaphragm seen through the cornea

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15
Q

Pupil

A

The aperture in the center of the iris

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16
Q

Lacrimal caruncle (medial angle of the eye)

A

A pink fleshy bump

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17
Q

Lacrimal lake

A

The area surrounding the lacrimal caruncle

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18
Q

Lacrimal Papilla

A

A small bump on the medial end of each eyelid

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19
Q

Lacrimal Puncta

A

A small opening at the apex of each lacrimal papilla

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20
Q

Bulbar Conjuctiva

A

The membrane that lines the surface of the eyeball

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21
Q

Palpebral Conjuctiva

A

The membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid

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22
Q

Superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

A

The regions where the bulbar conjunctiva becomes continuous with palpebral conjunctiva

23
Q

Conjunctival Sac

A

The potential space between the bulbar conjunctiva and the palpebral conjunctiva

24
Q

Orbital Septum

A

A sheet of connective tissue that’s attached to the periosteum at the margin of the orbit and to the tarsal plates

Separates the superior superficial fascia of the face from the contents of the orbit

25
Q

Tarsal Plates

A

Give shape to the eyelids

Tarsal glands are embedded in the posterior surface of each tarsal plate. They drain by small orifices that are located posterior to the eyelashes. They secrete an oily substance onto the margin of the eyelid that prevents overflow of lacrimal fluid

26
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A

Occupies the lacrimal fossa in the frontal bone.

Drains into the superior conjunctival fornix by 6 to 10 short ducts

27
Q

Lacrimal Groove

A

Medial side of the orbital margin

28
Q

Lacrimal Fluid Drainage

A

2 lacrimal canaliculi drain lacrimal fluid from the medial angle of the eye into the lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal duct extends inferiorly from the lacrimal sac and enters the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

lacrimal fluid flows from the lacrimal gland across the eyeball to the medial angle of the eye
-during crying, excess lacrimal fluid cannot be emptied through the lacrimal canaliculi and tears overflow the lower eyelids. Increased drainage of tears into the nasal cavity results in sniffling (characteristic of crying)

29
Q

In the Clinic: Tarsal Glands

A

If the duct of a tarsal gland becomes obstructed, a chalazion (cyst) will develop. A chalazion will be located between the tarsal plate and the conjunctiva. In contrast, a hordeolum (stye) is the inflammation of a ciliary gland, which is a sebaceous gland associated with the follicle of an eyelash

30
Q

Frontal Sinus

A

May extend into the roof of the orbit

Contained in the frontal bone

31
Q

Ehtmoidal air cells

A

May extend into the roof of the orbit (medially)

32
Q

Periorbita

A

Lines the bones of the orbit

Membrane just inferior to the roof of the orbit

33
Q

Frontal Nerve

A

May be visible through the periorbita (pass superior to the Extraocular Muscles)

(A branch of cranial nerve V1)

Courses from the apex of the orbit toward the supraorbital margin. Trace the frontal nerve anteriorly and observe that it divides into the Supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve

34
Q

Lacrimal Nerve

A

(A branch of cranial nerve V1)

Passes through the superior orbital fissure lateral to the frontal nerve and courses along the lateral wall of the orbit. The lacrimal nerve is much smaller than the frontal nerve. Follow the lacrimal nerve anterolaterally toward the lacrimal gland

35
Q

Trochlear Nerve

A

Passes through the superior orbital fissure medial to the frontal nerve. Follow the trochlear nerve to the superior border of the superior oblique muscle which it innervates. The trochlear nerve usually enters the superior border of the superior oblique muscle in its posterior one-third

36
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

attaches to the upper eyelid which it elevates

37
Q

Superior oblique muscle

A

Medial side of the orbit

The tendon passes through the trochlea, bends at an acute angle and attaches to the posterolateral portion of the eyeball

38
Q

Lateral Rectus Muscle

A

Lateral side of the orbit

Arises by 2 heads from the common tendinous ring. The common tendons ring surrounds the optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure and it’s the posterior attachment of 4 rectus muscles

39
Q

Common Tendinous Ring

A

Surrounds optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure

posterior attachment of the 4 rectus muscles

The optic nerve, nasociliary nerve, oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve pass through this

40
Q

Superior Rectus muscle

A

Lies immediately inferior to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Attaches to the eyeball by a thin, broad tendon

41
Q

Oculomotor nerve (superior rectus muscle and levator palpebrae superioris muscle)

A

Branch of the superior branch reaches the inferior surface of the superior rectus muscle

Passes around the medial side of the superior rectus muscle to innervate the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

42
Q

Nasociliary nerve

A

Branch of cranial nerve V1

Hopes through the orbit

Much smaller than frontal nerve. Crosses superior to the optic nerve and gives off several long ciliary nerves to the posterior part of the eyeball

43
Q

Anterior ethmoid nerve

A

Small branch of the nasociliary nerve that passes through the anterior ehtmoidal foramen

Supplies the mucus membrane in the nasal cavity

44
Q

Superior branch of the oculomotor nerve

A

Innervates the levator palpebrae superioris and the superior rectus muscles

45
Q

Inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve

A

Innervates the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles

46
Q

Ciliary Ganglion

A

Parasympathetic ganglion located between the optic nerve and lateral rectus muscle

Short ciliary nerves connect the ciliary ganglion to the posterior surface of the eyeball

47
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Actually a brain tract and it is surrounded by the 3 meningeal layers

48
Q

Ophthalmic Artery

A

Branches from the internal Carotid artery

In its course through the orbit, note that it usually crosses superior to the optic nerve and reaches the medial wall of the orbit.

Gives rise to posterior ciliary arteries that supply the eyeball

49
Q

Supraorbital artery

A

Branch of the ophthalmic artery

Exits the supraorbital foramen in the company of the supraorbital nerve to supply forehead and scalp

50
Q

Lacrimal Artery

A

Passes along the superior border of the lateral rectus muscle to supply the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and eyelids

51
Q

Superior ophthalmic vein

A

At the medial angle of the eye, anastomoses with angular vein

Pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel

Passes between the two heads of the lateral rectus muscle and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus

52
Q

Medial Rectus Muscle

A

Can be easily seen along the medial wall of the orbit

53
Q

In the clinic: Ophthalmic Veins

A

Anastomoses between the angular vein and superior and inferior ophthalmic veins are of clinic importance. Infections of the upper lip, cheeks and forehead may spread through the facial and angular veins into the ophthalmic veins and then into the cavernous sinus. Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus may result, leading to involvement of the abducens nerve and dysfunction of the lateral rectus muscle

BMB Dissections (6 decks)

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