8,9,10: Muscles

Question 1

Cricothyroid Muscle

Answer 1

Innervated by external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Tightens vocal cords

No effect on Rima Glottidis

Question 2

Vocalis

Answer 2

Tightens vocal cords

No affect on the rima glottidis

Question 3

Thyroarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 3

Adducts the vocal cords

Closes the Rima Glottidis

Question 4

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Answer 4

Abducts the vocal cords

Opens the Rima Glottidis

Prox. Attachment: lateral margin and Posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage
Distal attachment: muscular processes off the arytenoid cartilages

Question 5

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

Answer 5

Anterior Attachment: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage

Posterior Attachment: pharyngeal raphe

Question 6

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

Answer 6

Anterior attachment: greater horn of the hyoid bone and the inferior portion of the stylohyoid ligament
Posterior attachment: pharyngeal raphe

***internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve helps define the border between middle and inferior Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Question 7

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

Answer 7

Anterior attachment: pterygomandibular raphe
Posterior attachment: pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone

***stylopharyngeus muscle differentiates the border between superior and middle Pharyngeal Constrictor muscles

Question 8

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Answer 8

Attached to the medial surface of the styloid process superiorly and inner aspect of the Pharyngeal wall inferiorly

Question 9

Geniohyoid Muscle

Answer 9

-deep to the mylohyoid muscle

• ant. Attachment: inferior mental spine of the mandible
• post. Attachment: body of the hyoid

-pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly

Innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve

Question 10

Genioglossus Muscle

Answer 10

Ant. Attachment: superior mental spine of the mandible

Post. Attachment: tongue (entire dorsum). Lower fibers attach to the body of the hyoid.

-protrudes the tongue
Innervated by Hypoglossal nerve

Question 11

Hypoglossus Muscle

Answer 11

• inferior attachment: body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
• superior attachment is the lateral side of the tongue
• depresses the tongue and retracts it
• CN XII

Question 12

Styloglossus Muscle

Answer 12

Prox. Attachment: styloid process, stylohyoid ligament

Distal attachment: posterior side of tongue (interdigitates with the hypoglossus)

Elevates the tongue

CN XII

Question 13

Palatoglossus

Answer 13

Prox. Attachment: palatine aponeurosis

Distal: side of the tongue

CN X

Elevates posterior part of the tongue. Draws the soft palate onto the tongue

Question 14

Tensor Veli Palatini

Answer 14

Prox. Attachment: scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate; cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
Distal Attachment: palatine aponeurosis
Innervation: mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve (V3)
Action: tenses the soft palate and opens the mouth of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning

Question 15

Levator Veli Palantini

Answer 15

Prox. Attachment: cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube and petrous part of the temporal bone
Distal attachment: palatine aponeurosis
Innervation: CN X
Action: Elevates the soft palate during swallowing and yawning

Question 16

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 16

Prox. Attachment: hard Palate and palatine aponeurosis
Distal attachment: lateral wall of the pharynx
Innervation: CN X
Action: tenses soft palate and pulls the walls of the pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

Question 17

Musculus Uvulae

Answer 17

Prox. Attachment: posterior nasal spine and palatine aponeurosis
Distal attachment: mucosa of the uvula
Innervation: CN X
Action: shortens the uvula and pulls it superiorly